496 research outputs found
Bench-to-bedside review: Thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure – a newly appreciated syndrome in the critically ill
New onset thrombocytopenia and multiple organ failure (TAMOF) presages poor outcome in critical illness. Patients who resolve thrombocytopenia by day 14 are more likely to survive than those who do not. Patients with TAMOF have a spectrum of microangiopathic disorders that includes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and secondary thrombotic microanigiopathy (TMA). Activated protein C is effective in resolving fibrin-mediated thrombosis (DIC); however, daily plasma exchange is the therapy of choice for removing ADAMTS 13 inhibitors and replenishing ADAMTS 13 activity which in turn resolves platelet: von Willebrand Factor mediated thrombosis (TTP/secondary TMA)
Edge of Infinity: The Clash between Edge Effect and Infinity Assumption for the Distribution of Charge on a Conducting Plate
We re-examine a familiar problem given in introductory physics courses, about
determining the induced charge distribution on an uncharged
``infinitely-large'' conducting plate when placing parallel to it a uniform
charged dielectric plate of the same size. We show that, no matter how large
the plates are, the edge effect will always be strong enough to influence the
charge distribution deep in the central region, which totally destroyed the
infinity assumption (that the surface charge densities on the two sides are
uniform and of opposite magnitudes). For a more detailed analysis, we solve
Poisson's equation for a similar setting in two-dimensional space and obtain
the exact charge distribution, helping us to understand what happens how charge
distributes at the central, the asymptotic, and the edge regions
Nano strain-amplifier: making ultra-sensitive piezoresistance in nanowires possible without the need of quantum and surface charge effects
This paper presents an innovative nano strain-amplifier employed to
significantly enhance the sensitivity of piezoresistive strain sensors.
Inspired from the dogbone structure, the nano strain-amplifier consists of a
nano thin frame released from the substrate, where nanowires were formed at the
centre of the frame. Analytical and numerical results indicated that a nano
strain-amplifier significantly increases the strain induced into a free
standing nanowire, resulting in a large change in their electrical conductance.
The proposed structure was demonstrated in p-type cubic silicon carbide
nanowires fabricated using a top down process. The experimental data showed
that the nano strain-amplifier can enhance the sensitivity of SiC strain
sensors at least 5.4 times larger than that of the conventional structures.
This result indicates the potential of the proposed strain-amplifier for
ultra-sensitive mechanical sensing applications.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Strong scaling of general-purpose molecular dynamics simulations on GPUs
We describe a highly optimized implementation of MPI domain decomposition in
a GPU-enabled, general-purpose molecular dynamics code, HOOMD-blue (Anderson
and Glotzer, arXiv:1308.5587). Our approach is inspired by a traditional
CPU-based code, LAMMPS (Plimpton, J. Comp. Phys. 117, 1995), but is implemented
within a code that was designed for execution on GPUs from the start (Anderson
et al., J. Comp. Phys. 227, 2008). The software supports short-ranged pair
force and bond force fields and achieves optimal GPU performance using an
autotuning algorithm. We are able to demonstrate equivalent or superior scaling
on up to 3,375 GPUs in Lennard-Jones and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD)
simulations of up to 108 million particles. GPUDirect RDMA capabilities in
recent GPU generations provide better performance in full double precision
calculations. For a representative polymer physics application, HOOMD-blue 1.0
provides an effective GPU vs. CPU node speed-up of 12.5x.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figure
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Screening for and Managing Identified Hypertension for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Vietnam
OBJECTIVE:To inform development of guidelines for hypertension management in Vietnam, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different strategies on screening for hypertension in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS:A decision tree was combined with a Markov model to measure incremental cost-effectiveness of different approaches to hypertension screening. Values used as input parameters for the model were taken from different sources. Various screening intervals (one-off, annually, biannually) and starting ages to screen (35, 45 or 55 years) and coverage of treatment were analysed. We ran both a ten-year and a lifetime horizon. Input parameters for the models were extracted from local and regional data. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to evaluate parameter uncertainty. A threshold of three times GDP per capita was applied. RESULTS:Cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained varied in different screening scenarios. In a ten-year horizon, the cost-effectiveness of screening for hypertension ranged from cost saving to Int 15,883 in all screening scenarios among males. Similar results were found in females when starting screening at 55 years. Starting screening in females at 45 years had a high probability of being cost-effective if screening biannually was combined with increasing coverage of treatment by 20% or even if sole biannual screening was considered. CONCLUSION:From a health economic perspective, integrating screening for hypertension into routine medical examination and related coverage by health insurance could be recommended. Screening for hypertension has a high probability of being cost-effective in preventing CVD. An adequate screening strategy can best be selected based on age, sex and screening interval
Reply to comment on “Current separation and upwelling over the southeast shelf of Vietnam in the South China Sea”
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 118 (2013): 1624, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20114.2013-09-3
Seasonal variation of phytoplankton in My Thanh River, Mekong delta, Vietnam
A study on the seasonal variation of phytoplankton composition was conducted at the upper, middle, and lower parts of the My Thanh River, which supplies an important source of water for aquaculture. Qualitative and quantitative samples of phytoplankton were collected monthly at both high and low tide. The results showed that a total of 171 phytoplankton (algae) species were recorded, belonging to 59 genera and 5 phyla. Diatoms were the most abundant group with the highest species number, followed by green algae. The other phyla possessed a lower number of species. The species composition was more diverse in the rainy season and at high tide at most of the sampling sites. The mean density of algae varied from 30,900-43,521 ind.L^-1^. The density of diatoms was higher in the middle and lower parts. At the same time, euglenoids displayed the highest density in the upper part, showing a difference in the dominant algae group under the influence of salinity. Salinity was found to be significantly positively correlated (p<0.01) with diatoms, whereas it was negatively correlated (p<0.05) with blue-green algae and euglenoids. The algae composition was quite diverse, with the H' index ranging from 2.0-3.3, showing the water quality was slightly to moderately polluted
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