3,047 research outputs found
Electrical detection of spin pumping: dc voltage generated by ferromagnetic resonance at ferromagnet/nonmagnet contact
We describe electrical detection of spin pumping in metallic nanostructures.
In the spin pumping effect, a precessing ferromagnet attached to a normal-metal
acts as a pump of spin-polarized current, giving rise to a spin accumulation.
The resulting spin accumulation induces a backflow of spin current into the
ferromagnet and generates a dc voltage due to the spin dependent conductivities
of the ferromagnet. The magnitude of such voltage is proportional to the
spin-relaxation properties of the normal-metal. By using platinum as a contact
material we observe, in agreement with theory, that the voltage is
significantly reduced as compared to the case when aluminum was used.
Furtheremore, the effects of rectification between the circulating rf currents
and the magnetization precession of the ferromagnet are examined. Most
significantly, we show that using an improved layout device geometry these
effects can be minimized.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
Full-gap superconductivity robust against disorder in heavy-fermion CeCu2Si2
A key aspect of unconventional pairing by the antiferromagnetic
spin-fluctuation mechanism is that the superconducting energy gap must have
opposite sign on different parts of the Fermi surface. Recent observations of
non-nodal gap structure in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCuSi were
then very surprising, given that this material has long been considered a
prototypical example of a superconductor where the Cooper pairing is
magnetically mediated. Here we present a study of the effect of controlled
point defects, introduced by electron irradiation, on the temperature-dependent
magnetic penetration depth in CeCuSi. We find that the
fully-gapped state is robust against disorder, demonstrating that low-energy
bound states, expected for sign-changing gap structures, are not induced by
nonmagnetic impurities. This provides bulk evidence for -wave
superconductivity without sign reversal.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures + Supplemental Material (1 page, 1 figure). Will
appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Nonlocal magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic heterostructures
Two complementary effects modify the GHz magnetization dynamics of nanoscale
heterostructures of ferromagnetic and normal materials relative to those of the
isolated magnetic constituents: On the one hand, a time-dependent ferromagnetic
magnetization pumps a spin angular-momentum flow into adjacent materials and,
on the other hand, spin angular momentum is transferred between ferromagnets by
an applied bias, causing mutual torques on the magnetizations. These phenomena
are manifestly nonlocal: they are governed by the entire spin-coherent region
that is limited in size by spin-flip relaxation processes. We review recent
progress in understanding the magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic
heterostructures from first principles, focusing on the role of spin pumping in
layered structures. The main body of the theory is semiclassical and based on a
mean-field Stoner or spin-density--functional picture, but quantum-size effects
and the role of electron-electron correlations are also discussed. A growing
number of experiments support the theoretical predictions. The formalism should
be useful to understand the physics and to engineer the characteristics of
small devices such as magnetic random-access memory elements.Comment: 48 pages, 21 figures (3 in color
Os casos de ensino na formação-investigação de professores dos anos iniciais
Este estudo se insere nos processos de formação que investigou as possibilidades dos casos de ensino serem propulsores de processos reflexivos sobre os conhecimentos da docência. Os casos de ensino são narrativas de episódios extraídos geralmente de dados reais do cotidiano escolar e que dão visibilidade às vivências dos professores, os quais, ao analisá–los ou construí-los, articulam e revivem experiências, estabelecendo processos reflexivos e relações entre a teoria e a prática. Para a realização da pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, objetivou-se investigar e avaliar as potencialidades dos casos de ensino, enquanto narrativa de episódios escolares, quando utilizados com professores alfabetizadores, ao lidarem com o ensino e a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita dos alunos, auxiliando-os a reconstruir suas bases de conhecimento para o ensino. Para tanto foram trabalhados casos que retratavam eventos relacionados ao cotidiano das alfabetizadoras que atuam no anos iniciais da educação básica. O processo de formação-investigação foi realizado num ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, na perspetiva de formação continuada de docentes dos anos iniciais. As respostas dos professores participantes apontaram que a adoção de casos de ensino no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores possibilitou que as reflexões se fizessem muito presentes, posto que, ao analisarem as narrativas dos conhecimentos profissionais de colegas e seus, refletiam suas concepções, num movimento reflexivo possibilitador de aprendizagens na/da docência.This study falls in the field of the processes of formation that researched the
possibilities of teaching cases being propellers of reflexive processes on knowledge in
teaching. Teaching cases are narratives of episodes usually drawn from real daily school
life, that bring to light teachers' experiences, establishing reflexive processes and
relations between theory and practice. In order to realize this research, with a
qualitative approach, it was established the objective of investigating and evaluating the
potentiality of the teaching cases as narratives of school episodes, when used with
primary school teachers, dealing with the teaching and learning of their students'
reading and writing, helping them the re-construe their knowledge foundations in their
teaching role. To attain this goal, some cases that pictured events related to the daily
work of the primary teachers who play their educational role in the beginning years of
basic education. The process of training-research was realized in a virtual learning
environment, with a view to an ongoing training of the teachers of the first basic
education years. The answers provided by the teachers who participated in the research
suggest that the adoption of teaching cases in the professional development of teachers
made it possible for the reflexions to become very actual, since, while analysing their
colleagues' and their own narratives of professional knowledge, they were reflecting
their own ideals, in a reflexive moment that fostered learning in/of teaching.CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT
Gilbert Damping in Magnetic Multilayers
We study the enhancement of the ferromagnetic relaxation rate in thin films
due to the adjacent normal metal layers. Using linear response theory, we
derive the dissipative torque produced by the s-d exchange interaction at the
ferromagnet-normal metal interface. For a slow precession, the enhancement of
Gilbert damping constant is proportional to the square of the s-d exchange
constant times the zero-frequency limit of the frequency derivative of the
local dynamic spin susceptibility of the normal metal at the interface.
Electron-electron interactions increase the relaxation rate by the Stoner
factor squared. We attribute the large anisotropic enhancements of the
relaxation rate observed recently in multilayers containing palladium to this
mechanism. For free electrons, the present theory compares favorably with
recent spin-pumping result of Tserkovnyak et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.
\textbf{88},117601 (2002)].Comment: 1 figure, 5page
Parity-controlled spin-wave excitations in synthetic antiferromagnets
We report in this study the current-induced-torque excitation of acoustic and
optical modes in Ta/NiFe/Ru/NiFe/Ta synthetic antiferromagnet stacks grown on
SiO2/Si substrates. The two Ta layers serve as spin torque sources with the
opposite polarisations both in spin currents and Oersted fields acting on their
adjacent NiFe layers. This can create the odd symmetry of spatial spin torque
distribution across the growth direction, allowing us to observe different
spin-wave excitation efficiency from synthetic antiferromagnets excited by
homogeneous torques. We analyse the torque symmetry by in-plane angular
dependence of symmetric and anti-symmetric lineshape amplitudes for their
resonance and confirm that the parallel (perpendicular) pumping nature for the
acoustic (optical) modes in our devices, which is in stark difference from the
modes excited by spatially homogeneous torques. We also present our macrospin
model for this particular spin-torque excitation geometry, which excellently
supports our experimental observation. Our results offer capability of
controlling spin-wave excitations by local spin-torque sources and we can
explore further spin-wave control schemes based on this concept.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figure
Dynamic exchange coupling and Gilbert damping in magnetic multilayers
We theoretically study dynamic properties of thin ferromagnetic films in
contact with normal metals. Moving magnetizations cause a flow of spins into
adjacent conductors, which relax by spin flip, scatter back into the
ferromagnet, or are absorbed by another ferromagnet. Relaxation of spins
outside the moving magnetization enhances the overall damping of the
magnetization dynamics in accordance with the Gilbert phenomenology. Transfer
of spins between different ferromagnets by these nonequilibrium spin currents
leads to a long-ranged dynamic exchange interaction and novel collective
excitation modes. Our predictions agree well with recent
ferromagnetic-resonance experiments on ultrathin magnetic films.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, for MMM'02 proceeding
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