Neuronal and non-neuronal signals regulate <i>Caernorhabditis elegans</i> avoidance of contaminated food

One way in which animals minimise the risk of infection is to reduce their contact with contaminated food. Here we establish a model of pathogen-contaminated food avoidance using the nematode worm Caernorhabditis elegans. We find that avoidance of pathogen-contaminated food protects C. elegans from the deleterious effects of infection and, using genetic approaches, demonstrate that multiple sensory neurons are required for this avoidance behaviour. In addition, our results reveal that avoidance of contaminated food requires bacterial adherence to non-neuronal cells in the tail of C. elegans that are also required for the cellular immune response. Previous studies in C. elegans have contributed significantly to our understanding of molecular and cellular basis of host-pathogen interactions and our model provides a unique opportunity to gain basic insights into how animals avoid contaminated food

Collinearity, convergence and cancelling infrared divergences

The Lee-Nauenberg theorem is a fundamental quantum mechanical result which provides the standard theoretical response to the problem of collinear and infrared divergences. Its argument, that the divergences due to massless charged particles can be removed by summing over degenerate states, has been successfully applied to systems with final state degeneracies such as LEP processes. If there are massless particles in both the initial and final states, as will be the case at the LHC, the theorem requires the incorporation of disconnected diagrams which produce connected interference effects at the level of the cross-section. However, this aspect of the theory has never been fully tested in the calculation of a cross-section. We show through explicit examples that in such cases the theorem introduces a divergent series of diagrams and hence fails to cancel the infrared divergences. It is also demonstrated that the widespread practice of treating soft infrared divergences by the Bloch-Nordsieck method and handling collinear divergences by the Lee-Nauenberg method is not consistent in such cases.Comment: 29 pages, 17 figure

La sécurité du jeu et le jeu de la sécurité : piratage, loi et politique publique

Le présent rapport est l’objet d’une étude du lien entre les organisations criminelles et le contrôle social dans le domaine de la criminalité informatique. D’abord, nous examinerons quelques attaques montées contre des appareils de jeu électronique. Ensuite, nous analyserons de quelle façon ces cyberattaques ont été commises et quelle est la capacité de l’État et du secteur industriel à les combattre. Enfin, nous comparerons nos conclusions à celles tirées d’autres études sur le piratage dans l’industrie des jeux de hasard et nous discuterons de l’importance de nos conclusions pour les systèmes d’application de la loi, de sécurité et de protection des consommateurs.This paper studies the relationship between criminal organization and social control in the area of computer crime. We examine a “cheat at play” scheme that hacked into electronic gambling machines. We focus on how these cyber-attacks were committed and on the ability of the state and the industry to control them. We compare and contrast our findings with the research on hacking and the gambling industry and conclude by discussing the implications that our research has for law enforcement, security and public policy

The factorisation of glue and mass terms in SU(N) gauge theories

In this paper we investigate the structure of the glue in Zwanziger's gauge invariant expansion for the A^2-type mass term in Yang-Mills theory. We show how to derive this expansion, in terms of the inverse covariant Laplacian, and extend it to higher orders. In particular, we give an explicit expression, for the first time, for the next to next to leading order term. We further show that the expansion is not unique and give examples of the resulting ambiguity.Comment: 22 page

Maintaining the quality of Western Australia\u27s oat harvest

WESTERN AUSTRALIA deservedly enjoys the reputation of being a producer of oats of high milling quality. Because of this, we have been able to develop valuable export markets which pay a premium for our oats. For some time Ballidu has been rated as the best milling oat in W.A. The work reported in this article indicates that other recommended varieties are equal to or better than Ballidu for milling

BRST operator quantization of generally covariant gauge systems

The BRST generator is realized as a Hermitian nilpotent operator for a finite-dimensional gauge system featuring a quadratic super-Hamiltonian and linear supermomentum constraints. As a result, the emerging ordering for the Hamiltonian constraint is not trivial, because the potential must enter the kinetic term in order to obtain a quantization invariant under scaling. Namely, BRST quantization does not lead to the curvature term used in the literature as a means to get that invariance. The inclusion of the potential in the kinetic term, far from being unnatural, is beautifully justified in light of the Jacobi's principle.Comment: 16 pages (LaTeX manuscript). Revised version (minor changes) to appear in Physical Review

An Integer Linear Programming approach to minimize the cost of the refurbishment of a façade to improve the energy efficiency of a building

[EN] Buildings account 40% of the EU's total energy consumption. Therefore, they represent a key potential source of energy savings to fight, among others, against climate change. Furthermore, around 54% of the buildings in Spain date back before 1980, when no thermal regulation was available. The refurbishment of a façade of an old building is usually the most effective way to improve its energy efficiency, by adding layers to the external envelope in order to reduce its thermal transmittance. This paper deals with the problem of minimizing costs for the thermal refurbishment of a façade with thickness and thermal ransmittance bounds and with an intervention both on the opaque part (wall) and the transparent part (windows). Among thousands, even millions of combinations of materials and thicknesses for the different layers to be added to the opaque part, types of frame, and combinations of glasses and air chambers for the transparent part, the aim is to choose the one that minimizes the cost without violating any restriction imposed to the thermal refurbishment, in particular the current energy efficiency regulations in the zone. To optimally solve this problem, it will be modelled as an Integer Linear Programming problem with binary variables. The case study will be Building 1B of the School for Building Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. It was built in the late 1960s and has had a very inefficient energy consumption record. The optimal solution will be found among more than 6 million feasible solutions.Salandin, A.; Soler Fernández, D.; Bevivino, M. (2020). 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A., Olofsson, T., & Ödlund (former Trygg), L. (2018). Environmental impact of energy refurbishment of buildings within different district heating systems. Applied Energy, 227, 231-238. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.022Mickaitytė, A., Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., & Tupėnaitė, L. (2008). THE CONCEPT MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS REFURBISHMENT. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 12(1), 53-68. doi:10.3846/1648-715x.2008.12.53-68Passer, A., Ouellet-Plamondon, C., Kenneally, P., John, V., & Habert, G. (2016). The impact of future scenarios on building refurbishment strategies towards plus energy buildings. Energy and Buildings, 124, 153-163. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.008Energy efficiency in buildings.https://www.buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/building‐knowledge/pages/energy‐efficiency.aspx(accessed 27.12.2018).Baglivo, C., & Congedo, P. M. (2015). 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Version of 2013 with comments of 2016.http://www.codigotecnico.org/images/stories/pdf/ahorroEnergia/DccHE.pdf(accessed 27.12.2018).Sherali, H. D., & Driscoll, P. J. (2000). Evolution and state-of-the-art in integer programming. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 124(1-2), 319-340. doi:10.1016/s0377-0427(00)00431-3Kurnitski, J., Saari, A., Kalamees, T., Vuolle, M., Niemelä, J., & Tark, T. (2013). Cost optimal and nearly zero energy performance requirements for buildings in Estonia. Estonian Journal of Engineering, 19(3), 183. doi:10.3176/eng.2013.3.02Congedo, P. M., Baglivo, C., D’Agostino, D., & Zacà, I. (2015). Cost-optimal design for nearly zero energy office buildings located in warm climates. Energy, 91, 967-982. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.08.078Sambou, V., Lartigue, B., Monchoux, F., & Adj, M. (2009). Thermal optimization of multilayered walls using genetic algorithms. 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Quantum Mechanics Model on K\"ahler conifold

We propose an exactly-solvable model of the quantum oscillator on the class of K\"ahler spaces (with conic singularities), connected with two-dimensional complex projective spaces. Its energy spectrum is nondegenerate in the orbital quantum number, when the space has non-constant curvature. We reduce the model to a three-dimensional system interacting with the Dirac monopole. Owing to noncommutativity of the reduction and quantization procedures, the Hamiltonian of the reduced system gets non-trivial quantum corrections. We transform the reduced system into a MIC-Kepler-like one and find that quantum corrections arise only in its energy and coupling constant. We present the exact spectrum of the generalized MIC-Kepler system. The one-(complex) dimensional analog of the suggested model is formulated on the Riemann surface over the complex projective plane and could be interpreted as a system with fractional spin.Comment: 5 pages, RevTeX format, some misprints heve been correcte