Alien Registration- Mcdonaugh, Muriel C. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21541/thumbnail.jp

Suffering in silence: consequences of sexual violence within marriage among young women in Nepal

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the grave consequences of sexual violence, and it's persistence both within and outside marriages, this subject has received relatively little attention from researchers, policy makers, and programme managers in Nepal. This paper explores the definition of sexual violence and its various forms and consequences as reported by young married women in Nepal. In addition, it describes the coping mechanisms used by young married women to avoid sexual violence perpetrated against them by their husbands.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This paper analyzes data collected during the qualitative study on "Sexual violence among young couples in Nepal", conducted amongst two major ethnic groups - Brahmin/Chhetri and Tharu - between 2006 and 2007. The data is comprised of 39 free-lists and 15 in-depth case histories with married women aged 15-24 years. The average rank and Smith's Salience were calculated from the free-listing data. The thematic analysis approach was used for the analysis of information from the case histories.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Approximately three-quarters (74%) of the young women mentioned 'sex against one's wishes' as sexual violence within marriage (SVWM). Sixty-two percent of respondents described 'forced sex during illness' and 'forced sex after consumption of alcohol' as SVWM. About half of young women (48.7%) who participated in the free-listing exercise reported having experienced SVWM. The types of SVWM ranged from unwanted sexual touch to forced sex. Backache, headache, lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and thoughts of suicide were the most commonly reported negative physical and psychological health consequences of SVWM. Women reported various coping strategies including 'trying to convince husbands', 'sleeping in a separate room', 'visiting maternal home', 'waking up the children', and 'using pretexts such as being ill or menstruating', to avoid SVWM. However, in most cases, women reported that these coping strategies were unsuccessful. Almost all women experiencing SVWM were socially isolated and did not turn to institutions, relatives or friends for advice and support.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Sexual violence within marriage is common in Nepal. Findings provide circumstantial evidence of links between sexual violence and negative general and reproductive health outcomes for women. Various actions are required to prevent SVWM and provide immediate support to the victims.</p

Alien Registration- Mcdonaugh, Muriel C. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21541/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Mcdonaugh, Muriel C. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/21541/thumbnail.jp

Hospital Designs for Patients of Different Ages: Preferences of Hospitalized Adolescents, Nonhospitalized Adolescents, Parents and Clinical Staff

The design of hospitals should consider the needs and preferences of the patients, but the preferences of adolescents have received little attention. This investigation analyzed adolescents' preferences for diverse hospital designs and compared them to those of the adults in charge of their care. Participants were 345 adolescents —88 of them hospitalized— 76 parents, and 46 health professionals. They all assessed three pairs of photographs of different hospital settings. Quantitative analyses were performed of the choices, and qualitative analyses of their justifications. The results indicated high agreement among the groups about which atmosphere was preferable for children and for adults, and also—with nuances—about the suitability of the nonchild-like atmosphere for adolescents. No important differences were found between hospitalized and nonhospitalized adolescents' responses. The qualitative analyses revealed significant differences between the adolescents' and the adults' response models in their ratings of the hospital setting design. The adolescents' perspective seemed more sensitive than that of the adults towards symbolic aspects and the needs, experiences, and emotions of hospital users. Our work reveals the need to consider adolescents' perspective of hospital design, which cannot be substituted by that of their parents or of the clinical staff

Interrogating quality: minority language, education and imageries of competence in Nepal

Quality education is increasingly considered essential for human development. However, the mainstream approach to quality as a neutral technology often ignores deeply embedded issues of power relations. This article interrogates the taken-for-granted idea of ‘quality education’ by exploring the ways in which students navigate the assumption of quality education in two mother-tongue schools in Nepal. Drawing on the concept of language ideology, this article shows that the perceived social prestige associated with a language choice is closely intertwined with the discourse of quality education in Nepal. In this context, the students secure ‘imageries of competence’ by repeatedly drawing attention to more acceptable indicators of ‘quality’ such as high examination scores, English proficiency and continuation of higher studies. This article foregrounds the power relations embedded in the perception of quality education and intends to be of wider analytical relevance to other socially heterogeneous contexts beyond Nepal

Neutron-unbound states in 31Ne

Background: The Island of Inversion near the N = 20 shell gap is home to nuclei with reordered single-particle energy levels compared to the spherical shell model. Studies of 31 Ne have revealed that its ground state has a halo component, characterized by a valence neutron orbiting a deformed 30 Ne core. This lightly-bound nucleus with a separation energy of only Sn = 170 keV is expected to have excited states that are neutron unbound. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the low-lying excited states in 31 Ne that decay by the emission of a single neutron. Methods: An 89 MeV/nucleon 33 Mg beam impinged on a segmented Be reaction target. Neutron-unbound states in 31 Ne were populated via a two-proton knockout reaction. The 30 Ne fragment and associated neutron from the decay of 31 Ne were detected by the MoNA-LISA-Sweeper experimental setup at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. Invariant mass spec-troscopy was used to reconstruct the two-body decay energy (30 Ne + n). Results: The two-body decay energy spectrum exhibits two features: a low-lying peak at 0.30 ± 0.17 MeV and a broad enhancement at 1.50 ± 0.33 MeV, each fit with an energy-dependent asymmetric Breit-Wigner line shape representing a resonance in the continuum. Accompanying shell model calculations using the FSU interaction within NuShellX, combined with cross-section calculations using the eikonal reaction theory, indicate that these peaks in the decay energy spectrum are caused by multiple resonant states in 31 Ne. Conclusions: Excited states in 31 Ne were observed for the first time. Transitions from calculated shell model final states in 31 Ne to bound states in 30 Ne are in good agreement with the measured decay energy spectrum. Cross-section calculations for the two-proton knockout populating 31 Ne states as well as spectroscopic factors pertaining to the decay of 31 Ne into 30 Ne are used to examine the results within the context of the shell model expectations