Using artificial intelligence and longitudinal location data to differentiate persons who develop posttraumatic stress disorder following childhood trauma

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by complex, heterogeneous symptomology, thus detection outside traditional clinical contexts is difficult. Fortunately, advances in mobile technology, passive sensing, and analytics offer promising avenues for research and development. The present study examined the ability to utilize Global Positioning System (GPS) data, derived passively from a smartphone across seven days, to detect PTSD diagnostic status among a cohort (N = 185) of high-risk, previously traumatized women. Using daily time spent away and maximum distance traveled from home as a basis for model feature engineering, the results suggested that diagnostic group status can be predicted out-of-fold with high performance (AUC = 0.816, balanced sensitivity = 0.743, balanced specificity = 0.8, balanced accuracy = 0.771). Results further implicate the potential utility of GPS information as a digital biomarker of the PTSD behavioral repertoire. Future PTSD research will benefit from application of GPS data within larger, more diverse populations

IRON-OXIDE MINERALIZATION OF SESI, KOROPI (S. HYMITTOS, GREECE): MINERALIZATION WITHIN A DETACHMENT ZONE

Μικρές εμφανίσεις μεταλλοφορίας οξειδίων του σιδήρου στην περιοχή Σέσι, Κορωπί, Ν. Υμηττός, αναπτύσσονται κατά μήκος μιας κατακλαστικής ζώνης αποκόλλησης ανάμεσα σε ανθρακικούς σχηματισμούς των ενοτήτων "Υμηττού"  αι "Βάρης-Κύρου Πύρα". Ένα 2026 άλλο μικρής κλίσης ρήγμα, φέρνει σε επαφή του σχιστολίθους της υπερκείμενης ενότητας "Λαυρίου" που περιλαμβάνουν τεμάχη από μετα-βασικά πετρώματα και σερπεντινίτες. Η όλη δομή κόβεται από μεγάλης κλίσης κανονικά ρήγματα, που ριζώνουν στην κατακλαστική ζώνη αποκόλλησης, συντελώντας στην τεκτονική εκλέπτυνση της ενότητας "Υμηττού", με αποτέλεσμα σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις να έρχονται σε επαφή οι μετα- οφιολιθικές λιθολογίες με τα ανθρακικά της ενότητας "Βάρης-Κύρου Πύρα". Η εμφάνιση του σιδηρομεταλλεύματος εντοπίστηκε μέσα σε τρείς μικρές διερευνητικές στοές εξόρυξης όπου υπάρχουν ενδείξεις για περιορισμένη εξόρυξη στο πρόσφατο παρελθόν. Η μεταλλοφορία αναπτύσσεται στην κατακλαστική ζώνη του ρήγματος αποκόλλησης, έχει πάχος λίγων μέτρων (3-5μ), και σχηματίζει λεπτούς μαύρους φλοιούς και ζώνες εξαλλοίωσης με χαρακτηριστική καφέ-κόκκινη έως κίτρινη απόχρωση. Η ορυκτολογική μελέτη της μεταλλοφορίας του σιδηρομεταλλεύματος έδειξε ότι αποτελείται από αιματίτη (πρωτογενής μεταλλοφορία) και γκαιτίτη (δευτερογενής μεταλλοφορία από αντικατάσταση). Μελέτη των μικροδομών του γκαιτίτη έδειξε ότι παρουσιάζει τυπική μορφολογία κολλοειδούς μορφής, που είναι χαρακτηριστική πλήρωσης κοιλοτήτων του ανθρακικού πετρώματος (ξενιστής). Σύμφωνα με τις παρατηρήσεις υπαίθρου και την τεκτονική μακροδομή της ευρύτερης περιοχής, η ανάπτυξη της σιδηρούχου μεταλλοφορίας συνδέεται με κυκλοφορία υδροθερμικού ρευστού κατά μήκος της κατακλαστικής ζώνης αποκόλλησης. Η σιδηρούχος εξαλλοίωση των ανθρακικών σχηματισμών είναι έντονη σε συγκεκριμένες ζώνες κατάκλασης κατά μήκος τέτοιου τύπου μικρής κλίσης κατακλαστικών ζωνών αποκόλλησης σε όλη την κεντρική και ΝΑ Αττική, από τον Β. Υμηττό μέχρι το Λαύριο. Αυτό υποδηλώνει ότι αυτού του τύπου η μεταλλοφορία δεν παρατηρείται μόνο τοπικά, αλλά έχει μια ευρύτερη ανάπτυξη και επομένως σημασία για την τεκτονική εξέλιξη της NA Αττικής.Small occurrences of iron-oxide deposits at Sesi-Koropi in S. Hymittos, are hosted by an extensional brittle detachment zone between carbonate rocks of "Vari-Kirou Pira" and "Hymittos" units. Another low-angle fault separates a heterogeneous formation of schists, containing meta-ophiolitic blocks ("Lavrion" Unit), which is cut by high-angle normal faults that root in the detachment zone, reducing the total structural thickness of "Hymittos" marbles and bringing in contact the meta-ophiolitc lithologies with the "Vari-Kirou Pira" dolomites. Three mine caves were found along the detachment zone indicating that these iron deposits were possibly mined on a very small scale in the past. The mineralization is developed in a cataclastic zone a few meters thick (3-5m), forming thin rusty black encrustations and larger zones of alteration with a reddish to yellow brown hue. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) mineralogical study of the iron-ore deposit indicated that hematite is the primary iron-oxide mineral extensively replaced by goethite. Goethite appears with the typical colloidal form within voids showing typical open-space filling type microstructures. According to field evidence and the tectonic macro-structure of the area, the mineralization is associated with hydrothermal fluid circulation along the brittle detachment zone between meta-ophiolitic lithologies and carbonate rocks. Similar type iron-oxides mineralization in cataclastic zones were observed along other detachment zones in northern and southeastern Hymittos Mt. and further south towards Lavrion. This suggests that this type of mineralization is not local but has a broader development and regional implications for the tectonic evolution of the central and SE Attic

Utilizing Mixed Graphical Network Models to Explore Parent Psychological Symptoms and Their Centrality to Parent Mental Health in Households with High Child Screen Usage

Especially among adolescents, screens are being used more than ever. In conjunction with this trend, mental illness is increasingly prevalent among both adults and children, and parental psychological problems are shown to be associated with children\u27s TV watching, video watching, and gaming (Pulkki-Råback et al., 2022). This study aims to approach parent mental illness symptom by symptom to explore which specific symptoms are most central to parent psychological problems in households where children show high screen time behaviors. We draw from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (ABCD Study®), a nationwide sample of 11,875 children aged 10-13 collected by the National Institute of Mental Health. We utilize Mixed Graphical Models (MGMs) on both polychoric and dichotomized data, using the Extended Bayesian Information Criterion to choose the best models. Within our polychoric data, we pinpoint “I feel worthless and inferior” as a symptom with both high bridge betweenness and strength between symptom communities within high screen time household networks. Within binary high child screen time networks, we find “I have trouble making decisions” as a parent symptom with high bridge strength and betweenness that is central to the overall structure of the network. Finally, we believe our approach could be more successfully applied to other psychological datasets with more nonzero responses to parent psychological symptoms to further illuminate parent symptoms that are important in households with high child screen time. Our analyses do not establish causality because our data is cross-sectional

Bureaucracy meets digital reality: The unfolding of urban platforms in European municipal governments

The rise of digital technologies provides an opportunity to study smart cities as new organizational forms. We ask whether and how digital platforms and ecosystems affect the bureaucratic governance of municipal governments. To this end, we offer a multiple case analysis based on rich empirical, longitudinal data of seven European smart cities. We find that the contradicting logic of platform governance creates organisational tensions within the bureaucratic municipal government and at the interface between the municipal government and its external partners. We distil a process that describes how these tensions are resolved through a temporary shift to a non-bureaucratic work mode, and the subsequent formalisation and institutionalisation of those practices as new bureaucratic rules. We make three contributions. First, we contribute to the smart-city literature by outlining an overarching process of how data-driven technologies affect bureaucratic municipal governments. Second, we contribute to the ongoing conversation about the changing nature of Weberian bureaucracy showing how bureaucracy preserves its core while simultaneously adapting to and shaping its environment. Third, we highlight the role of lower-echelon bureaucrats as change agents who devise rules at the intersection of technological and societal development

The benefits of a 5-day dysphagia intensive placement

Finding practical dysphagia opportunities for students pre-qualification is challenging. Discussions with clinicians led to the development of a new placement model. The placement was just five days and had an accompanying workbook. The current study aimed to evaluate the benefits of the placement. Data were analysed from 40 students who attended an adult dysphagia placement and 13 who attended a paediatric dysphagia placement. Measures included a pre and post self-rating questionnaire, qualitative feedback from clinical educators and students and a pre and post measure of knowledge using concept maps. Student self-rating data indicated gains in experience, awareness, knowledge, clinical skills, competence, confidence and interest in dysphagia. Clinical educators and students also reported a range of benefits from this placement. Students who undertook a placement that focused on adult dysphagia significantly increased their knowledge of adult dysphagia, but this did not generalize to paediatric dysphagia. Despite reporting that they felt they had gained in knowledge of dysphagia, the students who did a paediatric dysphagia placement did not significantly increase their knowledge of dysphagia. The study raises a number of important considerations when designing placements including length, timing, intensity, how best to encourage generalization of knowledge, and how best to measure learning

Studies on dental erosion: An in vivo-in vitro model of endogenous dental erosion - its application to testing protection by fluoride gel application

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Background: The objective in this study was to develop an in vivo-in vitro model of endogenous erosion, with a view to exploring the potential for some degree of its control by the use of topical fluoride gel application to teeth. Methods: Six volunteers each wore a small clasp retained palatal acrylic appliance to which six sterilized enamel tiles were bonded. Three tiles on each appliance were coated extra-orally with either 1.23 per cent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) or 2.2 per cent sodium fluoride (NaF) neutral gel for four minutes prior to multiple periods of exposure to the simulated gastric acid, cumulating in 16, 36, 80 and 150 minutes of exposure. Impressions of the enamel tiles prior to and following acid exposure permitted dies to be prepared. These were sectioned through the exposed areas and examined under a stereomicroscope to assess maximum depths of erosion. Results: The depth of erosive demineralization of enamel was found to be greatly reduced with increased frequency of APF gel application. The reduction in enamel loss was less following topical application of NaF gel. Conclusions: It was concluded that fluoride gels significantly reduced enamel erosion using this in vivo-in vitro model and therefore, if prescribed appropriately, should help reduce tooth tissue loss from endogenous erosion.L Jones, D Lekkas, D Hunt, J McIntyre and W Rafi

Optimal Stopping and Losses on Subprime Mortgages

Lender losses on mortgage loans arise from a two-stage process. In the first stage, the borrower stops making payments if and when default is optimal. The second stage is a lengthy and costly period during which the lender employs legal remedies to obtain possession and execute a sale of the collateral. This research uses data on subprime mortgage losses to explore the role of borrower and collateral characteristics, and local legal requirements, as well as traditional option variables in the decisions of borrowers and lenders. Although subprime borrowers default earlier, which should reduce lender losses, these borrowers, nevertheless, impose greater realized losses on mortgage lenders.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47774/1/11146_2004_Article_4875.pd