Modelling and control of chaotic processes through their Bifurcation Diagrams generated with the help of Recurrent Neural Network models: Part 1—simulation studies

Many real-world processes tend to be chaotic and also do not lead to satisfactory analytical modelling. It has been shown here that for such chaotic processes represented through short chaotic noisy time-series, a multi-input and multi-output recurrent neural networks model can be built which is capable of capturing the process trends and predicting the future values from any given starting condition. It is further shown that this capability can be achieved by the Recurrent Neural Network model when it is trained to very low value of mean squared error. Such a model can then be used for constructing the Bifurcation Diagram of the process leading to determination of desirable operating conditions. Further, this multi-input and multi-output model makes the process accessible for control using open-loop/closed-loop approaches or bifurcation control etc. All these studies have been carried out using a low dimensional discrete chaotic system of Hénon Map as a representative of some real-world processes

Modelling of Metallurgical Processes Using Chaos Theory and Hybrid Computational Intelligence

The main objective of the present work is to develop a framework for modelling and controlling of a real world multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) continuously drifting metallurgical process, which is shown to be a complex system. A small change in the properties of the charge composition may lead to entirely different outcome of the process. The newly emerging paradigm of soft-computing or Hybrid Computational Intelligence Systems approach which is based on neural networks, fuzzy sets, genetic algorithms and chaos theory has been applied to tackle this problem In this framework first a feed-forward neuro-model has been developed based on the data collected from a working Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF). Then the process is analysed for the existence of the chaos with the chaos theory (calculating indices like embedding dimension, Lyapunov exponent etc). After that an effort is made to evolve a fuzzy logic controller for the dynamical process using combination of genetic algorithms and the neural networks based forward model to predict the system’s behaviour or conditions in advance and to further suggest modifications to be made to achieve the desired results

A STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF PATOLADI KASHAYA AND KARANJADI LEPA IN VICHARCHIKA W.S.R. TO ECZEMA

Background: Eczema is most common chronic relapsing skin disease seen in infancy and childhood. It is slightly more common in boys than girls. According to Ayurveda, Vicharchika is a major problem in skin diseases. Despite of great advance in dermatology and the advent of powerful antibiotics, antifungal as well as steroids, Eczema continues to defy the best effect of dermatologists. These modern medicines also have serious side effects like liver and kidney failure, bone marrow depletion etc. Long term use of tropical steroids may result in skin atrophy, stria, and telangiectasia. Hence it is the need of the hour to find out safe and effective medicine for Vicharchika and here comes the role of Ayurveda. The special treatment therapy of Ayurveda provides long lasting results by treating the disease and preventing reoccurrence. Finally gives a better quality of life. In Ayurveda, Shodhana, Shamana and Nidana parivarjana are the principle treatment for any disease. Shaman chikitsa is more preferable than Shodhana chikitsa in pediatrics age group, because children’s have mridu and sukumar body constitution. The selected drug compounds, i.e. Patoladi kashaya and Karanjadi lepa are well indicated for Kushta and both act as Shaman dravyas in Kustha. Aims and objectives: To study the efficacy of Patoladi kashaya, Karanjadi lepa and Placebo in Vicharchika. To find out economical therapy for Vicharchika with minimum or no side effects. Material and methods: Total 60 patients having signs and symptoms of Vicharchika were selected randomly from OPD and IPD of Kaumarbhritya, S. V. Ayurvedic hospital, Tirupati and enrolled equally in two groups (n=30). Patients of Group A were administered with Patoladi Kashaya and Karanjadi lepa (according to age), Group B were with Placebo Kashaya and Lepa for 1 month. Patients were assessed at 15th day, 30th day, 45th day and 60th day. ANOVA test was applied for significance. Results: Group A shows better result than Group B in both subjective and objective parameters especially in Kandu, Rukshata, Vaivarnya and Pidika. Conclusion: Patoladi kashaya orally and Karanjadi Lepa externally is very effective management of Vicharchika

2,4,8,10,13-Penta­methyl-6-phenyl-13,14-dihydro-12H-6λ5-dibenzo[d,i][1,3,7,2]dioxaza­phosphecin-6-thione

In the title compound, C25H28NO2PS, the cyclo­decene ring exhibits a crown conformation. The two dimethyl­benzene rings which are fused symmetrically on either side of the ten-membered ring, make dihedral angles of 20.2 (1) and 18.0 (1)°. The phenyl ring substituted at P is perpendicular to the heterocyclic ring, making a dihedral angle of 88.4 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by very weak intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

6-Bromo-2-(4-nitro­phen­oxy)-3-(1-phenyl­ethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxaza­phosphinine 2-oxide

In the title compound, C21H18BrN2O5P, the six-membered oxaza­phosphinine ring is in a twist-boat conformation. One of the phosphoryl O atoms is in an equatorial configuation while the other is axial with respect to the oxaza­phosphinine ring. The mean planes of the benzene ring to which the nitro group is attached and the phenyl ring form a dihedral angle of 83.5 (1)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains along [100]

Parametric and adsorption kinetic studies of Methylene blue removal from Aqueous Solution using Bornean Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.)skin

In this study, methylene blue (MB) dye removal from water sample by adsorption onto rambutan skin, was examined. The adsorption studies using batch experiments were carried out under different parametric conditions of initial dye concentrations(3.0 mg/l – 15.0 mg/l), solution pH 2 – 12 and solution temperature 30°C – 60°C. MB adsorption uptake was found to increase with the increase in initial dye concentration and solution temperature and was also favourable at higher pH. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to examine the experimental isotherms and their corresponding constants. The equilibrium data obtained were best represented by Freundlich isotherm model with a high R2 value of 0.898. The adsorption kinetic rates complied with the pseudo-second-order model indicated that chemisorption might be the rate-limiting step that controlled the overall adsorption process. Thermodynamic data analysis indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature. The data presented above suggest that the rambutan skin could be an alternative low-cost biosorbent for the removal of cationic dye from textile industrial effluent

Ameliorative Effect of Ginger on Blood Glucose Levels and Cardiac TCA Cycle Enzymes Activity in STZ Induced Diabetic Rat

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ginger administration on altered blood glucose levels, cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes (TCA cycle enzymes) activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. The study divided Wistar strain rats into five groups: normal control, ginger treated, diabetic control, diabetic plus ginger treated, and diabetic plus glibenclamide treated groups. The diabetic group had significantly elevated blood glucose levels, which were significantly lowered by ginger administration. The cytosolic enzyme G6PDH activity was significantly (P<0.001) decreased along with a significant increase in the LDH activity in diabetic rats heart tissue. The activities of SDH, MDH, GDH in the heart tissue of diabetic rats were significantly decreased, but the daily oral treatment of ginger to diabetic rats for thirty days reversed the above changes in a significant (P<0.001) manner. The study demonstrated that an ethanolic extract of ginger could lower blood glucose levels, improve enzyme activities and body weight in diabetic rats. This suggests that ginger extracts could be used as a cardio-protective supplement to reverse diabetic-induced complications

3-(6-Methyl-2-pyrid­yl)-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-1,3,2-benzoxaza­phosphinine 2-oxide

In the title compound, C19H17N2O2P, the six-membered 1,3,2-oxaza­phosphinine ring adopts a boat conformation with the phosphoryl O atom in an equatorial position. The dihedral angle between the 6-methyl-2-pyridyl and phenyl groups is 75.5 (1)°. These substituents are trans to each other, and are oriented at angles of 57.2 (1) and 74.8 (1)°, respectively, to the benzene ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by intra- and inter­molecular hydrogen bonds. The phosphoryl O atom participates in inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions with the neighbouring mol­ecules, forming centrosymmetric R 2 2(14) dimers