4,459 research outputs found
Higher Order Modulation Equations for a Boussinesq Equation
In order to investigate corrections to the common KdV approximation to long
waves, we derive modulation equations for the evolution of long wavelength
initial data for a Boussinesq equation. The equations governing the corrections
to the KdV approximation are explicitly solvable and we prove estimates showing
that they do indeed give a significantly better approximation than the KdV
equation alone. We also present the results of numerical experiments which show
that the error estimates we derive are essentially optimal
All Coronal Loops are the Same: Evidence to the Contrary
The 1998 April 20 spectral line data from the Coronal Diagnostics
Spectrometer (CDS) on the {\it Solar and Heliospheric Observatory} (\SOHO)
shows a coronal loop on the solar limb. Our original analysis of these data
showed that the plasma was multi-thermal, both along the length of the loop and
along the line of sight. However, more recent results by other authors indicate
that background subtraction might change these conclusions, so we consider the
effect of background subtraction on our analysis. We show Emission Measure (EM)
Loci plots of three representative pixels: loop apex, upper leg, and lower leg.
Comparisons of the original and background-subtracted intensities show that the
EM Loci are more tightly clustered after background subtraction, but that the
plasma is still not well represented by an isothermal model. Our results taken
together with those of other authors indicate that a variety of temperature
structures may be present within loops.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Efeito de doses de boro em aplicação via solo e foliar sobre a alface americana no Amazonas.
A alface americana, devido às condições edafoclimáticas da região amazônica, não apresenta a formação característica da cabeça. A aplicação de boro em alface pode promover aumentos na produção, circunferência da planta e da cabeça. Foi realizado um experimento para avaliar o efeito do boro sobre a alface americana, em área de produtor, sob casa de vegetação tipo capela, com estrutura de madeira e cobertura com plástico de polietileno transparente de baixa densidade (PEBD) e 100 um.Edição dos Resumos do 52º Congresso Brasileiro de Olericultura, Salvador, jul. 2012
Temperature and Emission-Measure Profiles Along Long-Lived Solar Coronal Loops Observed with TRACE
We report an initial study of temperature and emission measure distributions
along four steady loops observed with the Transition Region and Coronal
Explorer (TRACE) at the limb of the Sun. The temperature diagnostic is the
filter ratio of the extreme-ultraviolet 171-angstrom and 195-angstrom
passbands. The emission measure diagnostic is the count rate in the
171-angstrom passband. We find essentially no temperature variation along the
loops. We compare the observed loop structure with theoretical isothermal and
nonisothermal static loop structure.Comment: 10 pages, 3 postscript figures (LaTeX, uses aaspp4.sty). Accepted by
ApJ Letter
Growth, production and nutrients in coriander cultivated with biofertilizer.
Crescimento, produção e nutrientes no coentro cultivado com biofertilizante. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de um biofertilizante de materiais vegetais (BMV) sobre o crescimento, produção e nutrientes no coentro "Verdão"
The Life Evolution on the Sulfur Cycle: From Ancient Elemental Sulfur Reduction and Sulfide Oxidation to the Contemporary Thiol-Redox Challenges
Organismal evolution led to innovations in metabolic pathways, many of which certainly modified the surface chemistry of the Earth. Volcanic activity introduced inorganic compounds (H2, CO2, CH4, SO2, and H2S) driving the metabolism of early organisms of the domains archaea and bacteria. In the absence of light, H2S and Fe2+ would have been the major electron donors and the electron acceptors could be either oxidized species such as the sulfurs, sulfate, and elemental sulfur, or carbon dioxide by the fermentation of acetate (forming methane). Elemental sulfur was produced by the reaction between H2S and SO2, while anoxygenic photosynthesis may have provided the sulfate which removed oceanic ferrous iron by its precipitation as sulfide into sediments. Hence, the sulfur cycle participation in life evolution comes from ancient anoxygenic elemental sulfur reduction generating environmental sulfide incorporated as mitochondrial Fe-S for the electron-transport chains. Anoxygenic photosynthesis may have provided the necessary sulfate to promote the evolution of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis provided for diverse metabolic possibilities including non-photosynthetic sulfide oxidation, nitrification, and methanotrophy. An increase in oxygen levels would account for oxidative sulfur cycle, evolution of colorless sulfur bacteria, and emergence of large multicellular animals. Oxygen, initially a waste product of photosynthesis, first reacted with sulfur, iron or methane and latter accumulated in atmosphere resulting in more carbon production. Oxygenic photosynthesis becomes a positive feedback on the oxidation of the Earth-surface environment causing the growth and stabilization of continental platforms and carbon burial with more atmosphere oxidation. An increase in oxygen levels would account for oxidative sulfur cycle, evolution of colorless sulfur bacteria, and emergence of large multicellular animals. Oxygen enabled more efficient energy transformation from dietary food to ATP. However, evolution for mammals living on dry land has been closely linked to the adaptation of changes in O2 concentration in the environment, which means mitochondrial aerobic respiration. By using ancestral geochemistry of iron-sulfur clusters at the protein complexes I and II, the respiratory chains become badly insulated wires in the presence of oxygen (with reduced respiratory complexes) and there is leakage of electrons on to molecular oxygen. The electron leakage results in the formation of superoxide anion (SO) that remains within the mitochondrial matrix. If not promptly detoxified by anti-oxidative defenses, SO and its derived-oxidative species can alter cell signaling or attack cell structures leading to cell apoptosis. Sulfur-containing compounds participate either in oxidative stress generation (at endoplasmatic reticulum) or in (thiol) antioxidant defenses (mainly glutathione), thus functioning as redox sensing for enzyme activity and gene expression. Sulfur compounds that contributed for electron leakage and oxidative stress have counteractions by thiol participation either as antioxidant defensors and/or as redox-modulators or cell functions, influencing life evolution and contemporary diseases
Superlubricity mechanism of diamond-like carbon with glycerol. Coupling of experimental and simulation studies
We report a unique tribological system that produces superlubricity under boundary lubrication conditions with extremely little wear. This system is a thin coating of hydrogen-free amorphous Diamond-Like-Carbon (denoted as ta-C) at 353 K in a ta-C/ta-C friction pair lubricated with pure glycerol. To understand the mechanism of friction vanishing we performed ToF-SIMS experiments using deuterated glycerol and 13C glycerol. This was complemented by first-principles-based computer simulations using the ReaxFF reactive force field to create an atomistic model of ta-C. These simulations show that DLC with the experimental density of 3.24 g/cc leads to an atomistic structure consisting of a 3D percolating network of tetrahedral (sp3) carbons accounting for 71.5% of the total, in excellent agreement with the 70% deduced from our Auger spectroscopy and XANES experiments. The simulations show that the remaining carbons (with sp2 and sp1 character) attach in short chains of length 1 to 7. In sliding simulations including glycerol molecules, the surface atoms react readily to form a very smooth carbon surface containing OH-terminated groups. This agrees with our SIMS experiments. The simulations find that the OH atoms are mostly bound to surface sp1 atoms leading to very flexible elastic response to sliding. Both simulations and experiments suggest that the origin of the superlubricity arises from the formation of this OH-terminated surface
Fermi Surface of Alpha-Uranium at Ambient Pressure
We have performed de Haas-van Alphen measurements of the Fermi surface of
alpha-uranium single crystals at ambient pressure within the alpha-3 charge
density wave (CDW) state from 0.020 K - 10 K and magnetic fields to 35 T using
torque magnetometry. The angular dependence of the resulting frequencies is
described. Effective masses were measured and the Dingle temperature was
determined to be 0.74 K +/- 0.04 K. The observation of quantum oscillations
within the alpha-3 CDW state gives new insight into the effect of the charge
density waves on the Fermi surface. In addition we observed no signature of
superconductivity in either transport or magnetization down to 0.020 K
indicating the possibility of a pressure-induced quantum critical point that
separates the superconducting dome from the normal CDW phase.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, 3 table
Pressure Evolution of a Field Induced Fermi Surface Reconstruction and of the Neel Critical Field in CeIn3
We report high-pressure skin depth measurements on the heavy fermion material
CeIn3 in magnetic fields up to 64 T using a self-resonant tank circuit based on
a tunnel diode oscillator. At ambient pressure, an anomaly in the skin depth is
seen at 45 T. The field where this anomaly occurs decreases with applied
pressure until approximately 1.0 GPa, where it begins to increase before
merging with the antiferromagnetic phase boundary. Possible origins for this
transport anomaly are explored in terms of a Fermi surface reconstruction. The
critical magnetic field at which the Neel ordered phase is suppressed is also
mapped as a function of pressure and extrapolates to the previous ambient
pressure measurements at high magnetic fields and high pressure measurements at
zero magnetic field.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
Aplicação foliar de fontes de cálcio na produção de alface sob cultivo protegido.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta de plantas de alface à suplementação foliar com carbonato de cálcio (CaCO3+) micronizado
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