Efficacy of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, potential fungi for bio control of Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass)

A systematic field study was conducted in agricultural fields such as food crops, pulses, vegetable crops, oil crops and commercial crops to estimate infestation of Echinochloa crus – galli (barnyard grass), a common terrestrial weed belonging to family poaceae. The in vitro pathogenicity studies on barnyard grass were conducted using spore inoculum (8X107/ml) of an indigenous fungus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The pathogen was re-isolated from inoculated plants to fulfill Koch’s postulates and confirmed its host specificity on barnyard grass. The disease by the isolate was critically analyzed and the results revealed that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a potential agent to biological control of barnyard grass. The results revealed that the pathogen causes significantly (P < 0.05) severe infection on host weed and destructs the weed population by leaf spot diseases. The findings of the research suggested that the isolate Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is highly virulent and host-specific, and recommended for further studies as a promising biocontrol agent against barnyard grass weed. Keywords: Mycoherbicides, Barnyard grass, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Koch’s postulate

OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING METHYLPREDNISOLONE USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN FOR THE TREATMENT OF CROHN’S DISEASE

Objective: The present research was designed to produce methylprednisolone containing chitosan-based nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization. Methods: Nanostructures were prepared using the ionic gelation method with screened process parameters. According to the design, methylprednisolone chitosan-based nanoparticles (MCSNPs) were optimized using factors like methylprednisolone concentration, stirring speed and temperature whereas particle size, zeta potential and % encapsulation efficiency as responses. From the observed values of responses with confirmation location and desirability, the predicted values were very close to the observed values. Results: Observed values for the optimized formulation have a particle size of 243±2.33 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 79.3±7.2%. Morphology of the particles using scanning electron microscopy reveals nearly spherical shaped particles. Methylprednisolone was released in vitro in a sustained manner for about 24 h in simulated colonic fluid pH 7, pH 7.8 (Fasted state) and phosphate buffer pH 7.4, when compared to simulated colonic fluid at pH 6 (Fed state). Optimized MCSNPs followed Korsmeyer peppas kinetics with drug release mechanism as anomalous transport. Conclusion: Application of Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology using Design Expert software was successfully used in the optimization of methylprednisolone loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles with high encapsulation efficiency

Implementation of Driver Software of Trailer Module Chip

The aim of the project is to develop a driver software for UJA1076A SBC in embedded C using IAR Embedded Workbench and integrate the driver software with application software of Trailer module. Currently MC33903 system basis chip from Freescale is used in Trailer Module. As an initiative to reduce the material cost for the Trailer module product, a lower price SBC NXP UJA1076A has been used. Also due to the fact that the newly proposed SBC has less number of operating modes and registers to configure, it helps in making the driver software much more simpler, thus reducing the risk of hidden issues in the otherwise complex design and code of the current SBC driver software

An Efficient Comparative Analysis of CNN-based Image Classification in the Jupyter Tool Using Multi-Stage Techniques

The main process of this image classification with a convolution neural network using deep learning model was performed in the programming language Python code in the Jupyter tool, mainly using the data set of IRS P-6 LISS IV from an Indian remote sensing satellite with a high resolution multi-spectral camera with around 5.8m from an 817 km altitude Delhi image. To classify the areas within the cropped image required to apply enhancement techniques, the image size was 1000 mb. To view this image file required high-end software for opening. For that, initially, ERDAS imaging software viewer was used for cropping into correct resolution pixels. based on that cropped image used for image classification with preprocessing for applying filters for enhancement. And with the convolution neural network model, required to train the sample images of the same pixels, was collected from the group of objects that were cropped. Then we needed to use image sample areas to train the model with learning rate and epoch rate to improve object detection accuracy using the Jupyter notebook tool with tensorflow and machine learning model produce the accuracy rate of 90.78%

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel alkylated piperazine-based fluoroquinolone carboxylate derivatives

474-484In the present study, to synthesize quinolone-piperazine alkylated analogues, initially 3,4-difluoro nitro benzene is reduced to yield 3,4-difluorobenzenamine which is treated with diethyl ethoxymethyl enemalonate to yield diethyl 2-((3,4-difluorophenylamino) methylene) malonate. This has been further cyclized to produce ethyl 6,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate which is treated with iodoethane to produce ethyl 1-ethyl-6,7-diifluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate. This is hydrolyzed and subsequent nucleophilic substitution with piperazine at 7th position gives quinolone-piperazine derivative. This is alkylated to yield 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-alkylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is treated with ethanol to afford the desired ethyl 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-hexylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate derivatives. Based on the antimicrobial activity studies, hexyl analog 8a exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121, Micrococcus luteus MTCC 2470 (MIC value 1.9µg/mL), with respect to other synthesized compounds and reference drug ciprofloxacin. 8b (heptyl analogue) and 8c (nonyl analogue) show significant activity with MIC value 3.9µg/mL. In the case of antifungal screening, 8a, 8b and 8c show significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans MTCC 3017with MIC value ranged from 3.9 to 7.8µg/mL. Compounds 8a (butyl) shows potent minimum bactericidal concentration activity with MIC value 3.9µg/mL against the tested strains

Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation of novel 2-((1H-indol-3-yl) methyl)-5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 2-alkyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives

465-473Interest in the biological applications of oleochemicals has resulted in the development of new heterocyclic compounds from the fatty acids which are renewable raw materials. In the present study the synthesis of hybrid compounds by involving fatty acids, indole-3-acetic acid (heteryl) and trimethoxy benzoic acid (aryl) to derive 2, 5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety using molecular hybridization approach has been carried out. A series of novel 2-((1H-indol-3-yl) methyl)-5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 4a-j and 2-alkyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole 8a-j analogues have been synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A549, MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines. Almost all the tested compounds reveal cytotoxicity against all the cell lines, especially 2-((1H-indol-3-yl) methyl)-5-alkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles based compounds (4c, 4d, 4e) which display potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging between 8.26 to 11.36 μM

METOPROLOL SUCCINATE SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS- FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND INVITRO EVALUATION

Objective: Metoprolol succinate is a Beta 1 selective antagonist used as an Anti hypertensive, Anti angina, Anti arrhythmic. The aim of present investigation was to develop matrix tablets of Metoprolol succinate using different polymers. Methods: Metoprolol succinate matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method using different polymers. All the formulations were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability and dissolution. Results: It has been studied that a matrix tablet containing hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose polymers for oral controlled delivery of Metoprolol succinate has been formulated with greater significance; hence it was decided to check the in-vitro drug-polymer study in formulating a sustained release tablet for Metoprolol succinate. All the formulations are prepared by using polymers include HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, Ghatti gum, Sodium CMC, Pectin. All the formulation is subjected to invitro dissolution studies. Conclusion: Among all these formulations F-11 is optimized. This formulation containing 50mg of drug, 150mg of HPMC K15M, 3mg of Mg stearate, 3mg of talc, and 69mg of MCC. As the result of this study it may conclude that the formulation meet the needed theoretical drug release profile and has the sustain action i.e., retarding the drug release so the release is for a long time and thus more bio availability

सिंचाई व्य्वस्थाओं के साथ मछ्ली पालन का एकीकरण - एक नया व्य्वस्थित दृष्टिकोण

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In vitro anticancer activity of Sargassum sp. polysaccharides against MCF-7 cell lines

1267-1273Seaweed polysaccharides are compounds with promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. In this study, polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum seaweeds were tested for their efficiency in cancer therapy. Polysaccharides were isolated, purified, and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI-MS). It was found that the polysaccharides from Sargassum sp. branches are sulfated galactose–fucose disaccharides and sulfated galactose monosaccharides attached to the main chain through (1–4) linkages. Further, the polysaccharides were tested for cytotoxicity and anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) using the Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining method