Functional Additives as a Boost to Reproductive Performance in Marine Fish: A Review

This contribution brings together current knowledge on the use of functional food additives affecting marine fish reproductive performance. This article reviews published studies by several authors who have worked with specialized diets and focused on the dietary needs of brood fish, with the objective of identifying the relevant functional additives with potential to improve reproductive performance. The use of commercial and experimental diets that may have an effect on egg viability, quantity, and quality are discussed, with reference to hatching rates, larval survival, and compositions of fatty acids and amino acids after feed supplementation with various nutritional compounds. The intention of this review is to highlight the benefits of the use of vitamins, carotenes, fatty acids, and proteins of animal origin in broodstock nutrition, all of which have been shown to improve the quality of progeny under captive conditions. Finally, consideration is given to future perspectives on the use of additives in marine fish nutrition

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene 677CT polymorphism and isolated congenital heart disease in a mexican population [Polimorfismo 677CT del gen de la metilentetradihidrofolato reductasa y cardiopat�as cong�nitas aisladas en poblaci�n mexicana]

Introduction and objectives: The frequency of the 677C>T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in Mexico is one of the highest worldwide. Some studies have shown that both the homozygous state of this mutation and a high homocysteine concentration are associated with congenital heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether this association exists in the Mexican population. Methods: Genotypes were analyzed in 60 patients with congenital heart disease and in their mothers, and the levels of homocysteine were determined in the latter group. The genotypes were compared with those of a control group (n=62) and of their mothers. All the possible mother-child genotype combinations were also compared. Results: There were no significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between the patients with congenital heart disease and the controls or their respective mothers (P>.05). Although no significant differences were observed when the homocysteine concentrations in the presence of the CC or the TT genotype were compared, a clear trend was observed (P=.0621). We found no significant differences in homocysteine concentrations in relation to folic acid intake. The study cases and controls did not differ in terms of the possible combinations of mother-child genotypes. Conclusions: The frequencies obtained were consistent with those reported for Mexico. No significant differences were found between groups. Nor did we find any association between TT mutations in both the mother and child and hyperhomocysteinemia. There was no evidence of an association between any of the mother-child genotype combinations and congenital heart disease. Similar studies with larger numbers of patients are required to confirm or refute some of the trends observed in this report. � 2011 Sociedad Espa�ola de Cardiolog�a. Published by Elsevier Espa�a, S.L. All rights reserved

Frequency and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes on beef carcasses at small abattoirs in Jalisco State, Mexico

Allele frequency distributions for 15 STR loci (AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit) were estimated in 825 volunteers of the following eight Mexican-Amerindian populations from two geographical regions: (1) North: Tarahumara (204), Mayo (45), Seri (28), and Guarij o (17); (2) Northwest: Tepehuano (123), Mexicanero (84), Cora (85), and Huichol (239). Genotype frequency distribution was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations for all 15 STRs, excepting for two loci (D13S317 and FGA) in the Huichol population. The power of discrimination and power of exclusion values were both larger than 0.99999. These STR databases will support the correct interpreting of DNA profiles in paternity testing and forensic cases in Mexican-Amerindian groups from these regions, until know poorly studied. Genetic distances and pairwise comparisons were estimated between populations. A significant genetic differentiation was observed between these Mexican-Amerindian groups (FST = 3.43%; p = 0.0000) that was 10 times larger than the observed between Mestizos (F ST = 0.34%), which represent most of the Mexican population (?90%). This result was in agreement with the incapability to cluster these Native American populations by geographic criteria. Pre-Colombian descriptions of Aridoamerica, including the North region of Mexico, suggest genetic drift effects to explain this noticeable population differentiation of Mexican-Amerindian groups. " 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.",,,,,,"10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.02.003",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41578","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84876807941&partnerID=40&md5=9029dc7aa2923a1ea26a7c42caea34d

Forensic parameters for 15 STRs in eight Amerindian populations from the north and west of Mexico

Allele frequency distributions for 15 STR loci (AmpFlSTR Identifiler kit) were estimated in 825 volunteers of the following eight Mexican-Amerindian populations from two geographical regions: (1) North: Tarahumara (204), Mayo (45), Seri (28), and Guarijío (17); (2) Northwest: Tepehuano (123), Mexicanero (84), Cora (85), and Huichol (239). Genotype frequency distribution was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg expectations for all 15 STRs, excepting for two loci (D13S317 and FGA) in the Huichol population. The power of discrimination and power of exclusion values were both larger than 0.99999. These STR databases will support the correct interpreting of DNA profiles in paternity testing and forensic cases in Mexican-Amerindian groups from these regions, until know poorly studied. Genetic distances and pairwise comparisons were estimated between populations. A significant genetic differentiation was observed between these Mexican-Amerindian groups (FST = 3.43%; p = 0.0000) that was 10 times larger than the observed between Mestizos (F ST = 0.34%), which represent most of the Mexican population (∼90%). This result was in agreement with the incapability to cluster these Native American populations by geographic criteria. Pre-Colombian descriptions of Aridoamerica, including the North region of Mexico, suggest genetic drift effects to explain this noticeable population differentiation of Mexican-Amerindian groups. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in northern Mexico and description of a novel mutation

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) is the most common enzyme pathology in humans; it is X-linked inherited and causes neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, chronic nonspherocytic haemolytic anaemia and drug-induced acute haemolytic anaemia. G6PD deficiency has scarcely been studied in the northern region of Mexico, which is important because of the genetic heterogeneity described in Mexican population. Therefore, samples from the northern Mexico were biochemically screened for G6PD-deficiency, and PCR-RFLPs, and DNA sequencing used to identify mutations in positive samples. The frequency of G6PD deficiency in the population was 0.95% (n = 1993); the mutations in 86% of these samples were G6PD A?202A/376G, G6PD A?376G/968Cand G6PD Santamaria376G/542T. Contrary to previous reports, we demonstrated that G6PD deficiency distribution is relatively homogenous throughout the country (P = 0.48336), and the unique exception with high frequency of G6PD deficiency does not involve a coastal population (Chihuahua: 2.4%). Analysis of eight polymorphic sites showed only 10 haplotypes. In one individual we identified a new G6PD mutation named Mexico DF193A>G(rs199474830), which probably results in a damaging functional effect, according to PolyPhen analysis. Proteomic impact of the mutation is also described. � 2014, Indian Academy of Sciences

Influence of admixture components on CYP2C9*2 allele frequency in eight indigenous populations from Northwest Mexico

We previously documented the lowest frequency of CYP2C9*2 in Mexican indigenous Tepehuanos followed by Mestizos and Mexican-Americans populations, suggesting a negative correlation between the CYP2C9*2 frequency and the degree of Asian ancestry in indigenous Americans. We determined the influence of ethnic admixture components on the CYP2C9 allele distribution in 505 Amerindian from eight indigenous populations through genotyping CYP2C9*2, *3 and *6 alleles by real-time PCR and molecular evaluation of ancestry. The frequencies for CYP2C9*2 were 0.026 in Seris and 0.057 in Mayos, being higher than in Asians (P<0.001). CYP2C9*3 was found in Tarahumaras (0.104), Mayos (0.091), Tepehuanos (0.075), Guarij�os (0.067), Huicholes (0.033) and Coras (0.037), with East Asians having lower frequencies than the former three groups (P<0.001). CYP2C9*6 was not found. The frequency of CYP2C9*2 was lower in Amerindians than in European populations, and higher than their Asian ancestors. The presence of this allele in ethnic groups in Mexico can be explained by European admixture. � 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited

Common functions or only phylogenetically related? The large family of PLAC8 motif-containing/PCR genes

PLAC8 motif-containing proteins form a large family and members can be found in fungi, algae, higher plants and animals. They include the PCR proteins of plants. The name giving PLAC8 domain was originally found in a protein residing in the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta of mammals. A further motif found in a large number of these proteins including several PCR proteins is the CCXXXXCPC or CLXXXXCPC motif. Despite their wide distribution our knowledge about the function of these proteins is very limited. For most of them two membrane-spanning α-helices are predicted, indicating that they are membrane associated or membrane intrinsic proteins. In plants PLAC8 motif-containing proteins have been described to be implicated in two very different functions. On one hand, it has been shown that they are involved in the determination of fruit size and cell number. On the other hand, two members of this family, AtPCR1 and AtPCR2 play an important role in transport of heavy metals such as cadmium or zinc. Transport experiments and approaches to model the 3_D structure of these proteins indicate that they could act as transporters for these divalent cations by forming homomultimers. In this minireview we discuss the present knowledge about this protein family and try to give an outlook on how to integrate the different proposed functions into a common picture about the role of PLAC8 motif-containing proteins

Influence of admixture components on CYP2C9*2 allele frequency in eight indigenous populations from Northwest Mexico

We previously documented the lowest frequency of CYP2C9*2 in Mexican indigenous Tepehuanos followed by Mestizos and Mexican-Americans populations, suggesting a negative correlation between the CYP2C9*2 frequency and the degree of Asian ancestry in indige