1,253 research outputs found
Limitations of the Neurological Evolutional Exam (ENE) as a motor assessment for first graders
Background: Many clinicians and researchers in Brazil consider the Neurological Developmental Exam (NDE), a valid and reliable assessment for Brazilian school-aged children. However, since its inception, several tests have emerged that, according to some researchers, provide more in-depth evaluation of motor ability and go beyond the detection of general motor status (soft neurological signs). Objectives: To highlight the limitations of the NDE as a motor skill assessment for first graders. Methods: Thirty-five children were compared on seven selected items of the NDE, seven of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT), and seven of the Visual-Motor Integration test (VMI). Participants received a 'pass' or 'fail' score for each item, as prescribed by the respective test manual. Results: Chi-square and ANOVA results indicated that the vast majority of children (74%) passed the NDE items, whereas values for the other tests were 29% (BOT) and 20% (VMI). Analysis of specific categories (e. g. visual, fine, and gross motor coordination) revealed a similar outcome. Conclusions: Our data suggest that while the NDE may be a valid and reliable test for the detection of general motor status, its use as a diagnostic/remedial tool for identifying motor ability is questionable. One of our recommendations is the consideration of a revised NDE in light of the current needs of clinicians and researchers.14537237
The new affordances in the home environment for motor development - infant scale (AHEMD-IS): Versions in English and Portuguese languages
Is there still a place for the concept of therapeutic regression in psychoanalysis?
The author uses his own failure to find a place for the idea of therapeutic regression in his clinical thinking or practice as the basis for an investigation into its meaning and usefulness. He makes a distinction between three ways the term âregressionâ is used in psychoanalytic discourse: as a way of evoking a primitive level of experience; as a reminder in some clinical situations of the value of non-intervention on the part of the analyst; and as a description of a phase of an analytic treatment with some patients where the analyst needs to put aside normal analytic technique in order to foster a regression in the patient. It is this third meaning, which the author terms âtherapeutic regressionâ that this paper examines, principally by means of an extended discussion of two clinical examples of a patient making a so-called therapeutic regression, one given by Winnicott and the other by Masud Khan. The author argues that in these examples the introduction of the concept of therapeutic regression obscures rather than clarifies the clinical process. He concludes that, as a substantial clinical concept, the idea of therapeutic regression has outlived its usefulness. However he also notes that many psychoanalytic writers continue to find a use for the more generic concept of regression, and that the very engagement with the more particular idea of therapeutic regression has value in provoking questions as to what is truly therapeutic in psychoanalytic treatment
The role of empathy in psychoanalytic psychotherapy: A historical exploration
Empathy is one of the most consistent outcome predictors in contemporary psychotherapy research. The function of empathy is particularly important for the development of a positive therapeutic relationship: patients report positive therapeutic experiences when they feel understood, safe, and able to disclose personal information to their therapists. Despite its clear significance in the consulting room and psychotherapy research, there is no single, consensual definition of empathy. This can be accounted by the complex and multi-faceted nature of empathy, as well as the ambiguous and conflicting literature surrounding it. This paper provides a historical exploration of empathy and its impact on the therapeutic relationship across the most influential psychoanalytic psychotherapies: classic psychoanalysis, person-centered therapy and self-psychology. By comparing the three clinical schools of thought, the paper identifies significant differences in the function of transference and therapistâs role. Then, drawing on the different clinical uses of empathy, the paper argues that the earlier uses of empathy (most notably through Jaspersâ and Freudâs writings) are limited to its epistemological (intellectual or cognitive) features, whilst person-centered and self-psychology therapies capitalise on its affective qualities. Finally, the paper provides a rationale for further study of the overarching features of empathy in contemporary psychotherapy research
Planning the Ranch for Greater Profit: A Study of Physical and Economic Factors Affecting Organization and Management of Ranches in the Edwards Plateau Grazing Area.
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Comparisons between motor performance and opportunities for motor stimulation in the home environment of infants from the North and Southwest regions in Brazil
En este estudio tuvo el propĂłsito de comparar las relaciones entre el desempeño motor y las caracterĂsticas del entorno del hogar (el espacio fĂsico, las actividades diarias, los juguetes) de lactantes moradores en dos regiones de Brasil, el Norte (MarabĂĄ, PA) y el Sureste (Piracicaba, SP). Se utilizaron el Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) para el desempeño motor y el Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) para el anĂĄlisis del entorno del hogar en ochenta lactantes de 3 hasta 18 meses de edad. Los grupos de los dos municipios no presentaron diferencias significativas en relaciĂłn al desempeño motor (p>;0,05), sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en lo que se refiere a la asistencia a guarderĂa, al nivel de educaciĂłn del padre y al nĂșmero de habitaciones en sus casas. Los resultados tambiĂ©n mostraron diferencias significativas en las oportunidades en los hogares, el grupo de MarabĂĄ obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente menores en la mayor parte del AHEMD-IS: espacio externo (p=0,021), juguetes para habilidades motoras finas (pA proposta deste estudo foi comparar as relaçÔes entre o desempenho motor e as caracterĂsticas do ambiente familiar (espaço fĂsico, atividades diĂĄrias, brinquedos) de lactentes residentes em duas regiĂ”es do Brasil, Norte (MarabĂĄ, PA) e Sudeste (Piracicaba, SP). Foram utilizados a Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) para a anĂĄlise do desempenho motor e o Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) para a anĂĄlise do ambiente familiar em oitenta lactentes de 3 a 18 meses de idade. Os grupos dos dois municĂpios nĂŁo diferiram quanto ao desempenho motor (p>;0,05), porĂ©m, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos no que se refere Ă frequĂȘncia em creches, Ă escolaridade paterna e ao nĂșmero de quartos nas residĂȘncias. Os resultados tambĂ©m indicaram diferenças significativas para as oportunidades no lar, com o grupo de MarabĂĄ obtendo pontuaçÔes significativamente menores na maior parte do AHEMD-IS: espaço externo (p=0,021), brinquedos para motricidade fina (pThis study aimed at comparing the relationships between motor development and the characteristics in the home environment (physical space, daily activities, toys) of infants in two Brazilian regions, North (MarabĂĄ, PA) and Southeast (Piracicaba, SP). Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) was used to analyze motor development, and Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development - Infant Scale (AHEMD-IS) was used in order to analyze the family environments of eight breastfeed babies of 3 to 18 months of age. The groups in the two municipalities were not different in regards to motor development (
The reliability of two visual motor integration tests used with children
Occupational therapists often assess the visual motor integration (VMI) skills of children and young people. It is important that therapists use tools with strong psychometric properties. This study aims to examine the reliability of 2 VMI tests. Ninety-two children between the ages of 5 and 17 years (response rate of 31%) completed 2 VMI tests: the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (DTVMI) and the Full Range Test of Visual Motor Integration (FRTVMI). Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient was used to examine the internal consistency of the 2 VMI tests whereas Spearman\u27s rho correlation was used to evaluate the test–retest reliability, intrarater reliability, and interrater reliability of the 2 VMI tests. The Cronbach\u27s alpha coefficient for the DTVMI was .82 and .72 for the FRTVMI. The test–retest reliability coefficient was .73 (p = .000) for the DTVMI and .49 (p = .05) for the FRTVMI. The interrater correlation was significant for both the DTVMI at .94 (p = .000) and FRTVMI at .68 (p = .001). The DTVMI intrarater reliability correlation result was .90 (p = .000) and the FRTVMI at .85 (p = .000). Overall, the DTVMI exhibited a higher level of reliability than the FRTVMI. Both VMI tests appear to exhibit reasonable levels of reliability and are recommended for use with children and young people.<br /
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