Status and Strategy for Moisture Metrology in European Metrology Institutes

Measurement of moisture in materials presents many challenges, due to diverse measuring principles, sample interactions with atmosphere, and variation in what is measured (either water content alone or moisture including other liquids). Calibrations are variously referenced to published standard methods, primary calibration facilities, or certified reference materials, but each of these addresses limited substances and ranges of measurement. Overall, metrology infrastructure is not as fully developed or coherent for this field as it is for many other areas of measurement. In order to understand the metrology needs and to support developments, several European national metrology institutes (NMIs) have undertaken some collaborative activities. These have included a “cooperation in research” project for sharing of information, a survey of moisture capabilities at NMIs, the formulation of a strategy for moisture metrology at the NMI level, and a funded research project to develop improved metrology for the moisture field. This paper summarizes the information gathered, giving an overview of the status of moisture metrology at NMIs, and it reports a proposed strategy to improve the current situation

Word add-in for ontology recognition: semantic enrichment of scientific literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the current era of scientific research, efficient communication of information is paramount. As such, the nature of scholarly and scientific communication is changing; cyberinfrastructure is now absolutely necessary and new media are allowing information and knowledge to be more interactive and immediate. One approach to making knowledge more accessible is the addition of machine-readable semantic data to scholarly articles.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Word add-in presented here will assist authors in this effort by automatically recognizing and highlighting words or phrases that are likely information-rich, allowing authors to associate semantic data with those words or phrases, and to embed that data in the document as XML. The add-in and source code are publicly available at <url>http://www.codeplex.com/UCSDBioLit</url>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The Word add-in for ontology term recognition makes it possible for an author to add semantic data to a document as it is being written and it encodes these data using XML tags that are effectively a standard in life sciences literature. Allowing authors to mark-up their own work will help increase the amount and quality of machine-readable literature metadata.</p

Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino 1885

Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino, 1885 (Fig. 4A–B; Supporting Information, Table S2) 1885 Protypotherium antiquum Ameghino, p. 81–83 (original description). Lectotype: ZMK 21 /1877 (Fig. 4A), right mandibular fragment with p4–m3 (see Fernández et al. 2018), from Late Miocene, Ituzaingó Fm., Entre Ríos Province (Argentina). Referred material: IBIGEO-P39 (Fig. 4B), less mandibular fragment with p4–m3; MCH-P 257, right mandibular fragment with p3–m1 (Armella and Bonini 2020). Extended diagnosis: Protypotherium antiquum differs from Pr. australe, Pr. praerutilum, Pr. columnifer, Pr. compressidens, Pr. minutum, Pr. claudum, and Pr. colloncurensis by having the talonid of m3 with a very deep longitudinal and transverse labial sulcus and a mesio-labial lobe distally straight; from Pr. compressidens by having relatively wider lower cheek teeth; from Pr. claudum by exhibiting a p4 with a transversely deeper, narrower, and more distally placed ectoflexid, and m1–3 with deeper entoflexid; from Pr. colloncurensis and Pr. columnifer by the sub-triangular talonid of p4; from Pr. praerutilum by having a slightly larger size; and from Pr. columnifer by the talonid of p4 narrower than the trigonid. Geographic and temporal provenance: Entre Ríos Province (Argentina), Ituzaingó Fm.; Salta Province, Palo Pintado Fm. (Zimicz et al. 2018); and Catamarca Province, Chiquimil Fm. (Armella and Bonini 2020); Late Miocene, Huayquerian SALMA. Measurements: Supporting Information, Table S2. Remarks: Zimicz et al. (2018) identified IBIGEO-P39 (Fig. 4B) as Pr.minutum mainly due to size and a trilobed m3. Nevertheless, these authors mentioned that it resembled the remaining species of the genus. Concerning these features, the presence of a trilobed m3 is common in Protypotherium and it is not exclusive of Pr. minutum (holotype MLP 12-2176) (see above). When comparing the m3 of MLP 12-2176 and IBIGEO-P39, the labial groove of the former is transversally shallow, but persistent, and in both the distal face of the mesio-labial lobe and the disto-labial lobe of the talonid are rounded. Instead, this groove is transversally deeper and persistent in IBIGEO-P39 (Fig. 4B) and the distal face of the mesio-labial lobe is straight, which is coincident with the diagnostic features of Pr. antiquum. In addition, IBIGEO-P39 (e.g. Lm1 = 6.26 mm; Wm1 ≈ 3.2 mm) is intermediate in size between Pr. minutum (e.g. Lm1 ≈ 4.6 mm; Wm1 ≈ 2.60 mm) and Pr. antiquum (e.g. Lm1 = 7.4 mm; Wm1 ≈ 4.1 mm (see Supporting Information, Table S2), being even closer to the laưer. Therefore, mainly based on the morphological features, we re-identify IBIGEO-P39 as Pr. antiquum. On the other hand, we state that MCH-P 257, mentioned as Protypotherium cf. Pr. antiquum by Armella and Bonini (2020), also corresponds to Pr. antiquum, sharing the same mentioned features with IBIGEO-P39.Published as part of Fernández, Mercedes, Fernicola, Juan C. & Cerdeño, Esperanza, 2023, Systematic revision of the species of Protypotherium (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), Argentinian Patagonia: a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Interatheriidae, pp. 417-444 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (2) on page 428, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad043, http://zenodo.org/record/842626

Protypotherium claudum Ameghino 1889

Protypotherium claudum Ameghino, 1889 (Fig. 8B–D; Supporting Information, Table S2) 1889 Protypotherium claudum Ameghino, p. 480 (original description), pl. 14, fig. 22. Holotype: MACN-A 551 (Fig. 8B), right mandibular fragment with p2 (alveolus)–p3–m2 (see Fernández et al. 2018), Early– Middle Miocene, SCF, Santa Cruz Province (Argentina). Referred materials: MLP 73-VII-6-4 d (ex Interatheriinae indet; Fig. 8C), less mandibular fragment with p2 (broken)–m2 (trigonid), and MPEF-PV 1394 (Fig. 8D), incomplete mandible with less i1–dp1–p2–4, and right i1 and dp1–p2–m3. Extended diagnosis: Protypotherium claudum differs from Pr. compressidens, Pr. antiquum, Pr. australe, Pr. praerutilum, Pr. columnifer, Pr. minutum, and Pr. colloncurensis by p2–3 without the entoflexid and with the ectoflexid wider and slightly more mesially placed, and p4–m3 with shallower entoflexid; from Pr. australe and Pr. distinctum by having a smaller size; from Pr. compressidens by having relatively wider lower cheek teeth; from Pr. antiquum by the talonid of m3 without labial groove; from Pr. colloncurensis and Pr. columnifer by the talonid of p2–4 sub-triangular in outline; and from Pr. columnifer by the talonid of p4 narrower than the trigonid. Geographic and stratigraphic provenance: Santa Cruz Province (Argentina), SCF, Early–Middle Miocene, Santacrucian SALMA; Río Negro Province (Argentina), Collón Curá Fm., Middle Miocene, Colloncuran SALMA. Measurements: Supporting Information, Table S2.Published as part of Fernández, Mercedes, Fernicola, Juan C. & Cerdeño, Esperanza, 2023, Systematic revision of the species of Protypotherium (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) from the Santa Cruz Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), Argentinian Patagonia: a new phylogenetic hypothesis for the Interatheriidae, pp. 417-444 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 199 (2) on page 432, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad043, http://zenodo.org/record/842626