2,493 research outputs found
Discrete Rogue waves in an array of waveguides
We study discrete rogue waves in an array of nonlinear waveguides. We show
that very small degree of disorder due to experimental imperfection has a deep
effect on the formation of discrete rogue waves. We predict long-living
discrete rogue wave solution of the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation.Comment: To Appear in PL
Comparison of the Economic Factors that Influence Foreign Direct Investment Growth in Nigeria and India
The study determined the compound growth rate of FDI and the factors influencing its inflow in India and Nigeria. The study showed that the time series data were non-stationary but differenced stationary and their cointegration residual and error correction model regression showed a long-term relationship and a same time period adjustment of disequilibrium between FDI and the macroeconomic variables. The growth rate and compound growth rate of FDI into India was much higher than that of Nigeria for the same time period; the results raises the question of whether the perceived notion that India is growing at a much faster pace than Nigeria is true. The determination of the relationship between FDI and the chosen economic variables suggests that Nigeria should improve on its GDP, trade openness and human capital while sustaining its inflation at the level to which it encourages FDI inflow. India attracted more FDI than Nigeria due to its large GDP, higher real interest rate and trade openness; it is suggested that a further depreciated currency would encourage more FDI inflow into India
Multimedia-based Medicinal Plants Sustainability Management System
Medicinal plants are increasingly recognized worldwide as an alternative source of efficacious and inexpensive medications to synthetic chemo-therapeutic compound. Rapid declining wild stocks of medicinal plants accompanied by adulteration and species substitutions reduce their efficacy, quality and safety. Consequently, the low accessibility to and non-affordability of orthodox medicine costs by rural dwellers to be healthy and economically productive further threaten their life expectancy. Finding comprehensive information on medicinal plants of conservation concern at a global level has been difficult. This has created a gap between computing technologies’ promises and expectations in the healing process under complementary and alternative medicine. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Multimedia-based Medicinal Plants Sustainability Management System addressing these concerns. Medicinal plants’ details for designing the system were collected through semi-structured interviews and databases. Unified Modelling Language, Microsoft-Visual-Studio.Net, C#3.0, Microsoft-Jet-Engine4.0, MySQL, Loquendo Multilingual Text-to-Speech Software, YouTube, and VLC Media Player were used.
Keywords: Complementary and Alternative Medicine, conservation, extinction, medicinal plant, multimedia, phytoconstituents, rural dweller
Exploiting Input Sanitization for Regex Denial of Service
Web services use server-side input sanitization to guard against harmful input. Some web services publish their sanitization logic to make their client interface more usable, e.g., allowing clients to debug invalid requests locally. However, this usability practice poses a security risk. Specifically, services may share the regexes they use to sanitize input strings — and regex-based denial of service (ReDoS) is an emerging threat. Although prominent service outages caused by ReDoS have spurred interest in this topic, we know little about the degree to which live web services are vulnerable to ReDoS.
In this paper, we conduct the first black-box study measuring the extent of ReDoS vulnerabilities in live web services. We apply the Consistent Sanitization Assumption: that client-side sanitization logic, including regexes, is consistent with the sanitization logic on the server-side. We identify a service’s regex-based input sanitization in its HTML forms or its API, find vulnerable regexes among these regexes, craft ReDoS probes, and pinpoint vulnerabilities. We analyzed the HTML forms of 1,000 services and the APIs of 475 services. Of these, 355 services publish regexes; 17 services publish unsafe regexes; and 6 services are vulnerable to ReDoS through their APIs (6 domains; 15 subdomains). Both Microsoft and Amazon Web Services patched their web services as a result of our disclosure. Since these vulnerabilities were from API specifications, not HTML forms, we proposed a ReDoS defense for a popular API validation library, and our patch has been merged. To summarize: in client-visible sanitization logic, some web services advertise ReDoS vulnerabilities in plain sight. Our results motivate short-term patches and long-term fundamental solutions
On the Finite-Time Behavior of Suboptimal Linear Model Predictive Control
Inexact methods for model predictive control (MPC), such as real-time
iterative schemes or time-distributed optimization, alleviate the computational
burden of exact MPC by providing suboptimal solutions. While the asymptotic
stability of such algorithms is well studied, their finite-time performance has
not received much attention. In this work, we quantify the performance of
suboptimal linear model predictive control in terms of the additional
closed-loop cost incurred due to performing only a finite number of
optimization iterations. Leveraging this novel analysis framework, we propose a
novel suboptimal MPC algorithm with a diminishing horizon length and
finite-time closed-loop performance guarantees. This analysis allows the
designer to plan a limited computational power budget distribution to achieve a
desired performance level. We provide numerical examples to illustrate the
algorithm's transient behavior and computational complexity.Comment: Accepted for Publication at the 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and
Control (CDC), Singapore, 202
Stochastic Wasserstein Gradient Flows using Streaming Data with an Application in Predictive Maintenance
We study estimation problems in safety-critical applications with streaming
data. Since estimation problems can be posed as optimization problems in the
probability space, we devise a stochastic projected Wasserstein gradient flow
that keeps track of the belief of the estimated quantity and can consume
samples from online data. We show the convergence properties of our algorithm.
Our analysis combines recent advances in the Wasserstein space and its
differential structure with more classical stochastic gradient descent. We
apply our methodology for predictive maintenance of safety-critical processes:
Our approach is shown to lead to superior performance when compared to
classical least squares, enabling, among others, improved robustness for
decision-making.Comment: Accepted for presentation at, and publication in the proceedings of,
the 2023 IFAC World Congres
A Model Predictive Control Framework for Improving Risk-Tolerance of Manufacturing Systems
The need for control strategies that can address dynamic system uncertainty
is becoming increasingly important. In this work, we propose a Model Predictive
Control by quantifying the risk of failure in our system model. The proposed
control scheme uses a Priced Timed Automata representation of the manufacturing
system to promote the fail-safe operation of systems under uncertainties. The
proposed method ensures that in case of unforeseen failure(s), the
optimization-based control strategy can still achieve the manufacturing system
objective. In addition, the proposed strategy establishes a trade-off between
minimizing the cost and reducing failure risk to allow the manufacturing system
to function effectively in the presence of uncertainties. An example from
manufacturing systems is presented to show the application of the proposed
control strategy.Comment: 7 page
Risk-Averse Model Predictive Control for Priced Timed Automata
In this paper, we propose a Risk-Averse Priced Timed Automata (PTA) Model
Predictive Control (MPC) framework to increase flexibility of cyber-physical
systems. To improve flexibility in these systems, our risk-averse framework
solves a multi-objective optimization problem to minimize the cost and risk,
simultaneously. While minimizing cost ensures the least effort to achieve a
task, minimizing risk provides guarantees on the feasibility of the task even
during uncertainty. Our framework explores the trade-off between these two
qualities to obtain risk-averse control actions. The solution of risk-averse
PTA MPC dynamic decision-making algorithm reacts relatively better to PTA
changes compared to PTA MPC without risk-averse feature. An example from
manufacturing systems is presented to show the application of the proposed
control strategy.Comment: 7 page
Efficient sample selection for safe learning
Ensuring safety in industrial control systems usually involves imposing
constraints at the design stage of the control algorithm. Enforcing constraints
is challenging if the underlying functional form is unknown. The challenge can
be addressed by using surrogate models, such as Gaussian processes, which
provide confidence intervals used to find solutions that can be considered
safe. This in turn involves an exhaustive search on the entire search space.
That approach can quickly become computationally expensive. We reformulate the
exhaustive search as a series of optimization problems to find the next
recommended points. We show that the proposed reformulation allows using a wide
range of available optimization solvers, such as derivative-free methods. We
show that by exploiting the properties of the solver, we enable the
introduction of new stopping criteria into safe learning methods and increase
flexibility in trading off solver accuracy and computational time. The results
from a non-convex optimization problem and an application for controller tuning
confirm the flexibility and the performance of the proposed reformulation
Assessment of the wintering area of Red Knots in Maranhão, northern Brazil, in February 2005
To assess population size and the conservation status of the Red Knot Calidris canutus rufa population in Maranhão, N Brazil, an aerial census and field studies were conducted in February 2005. The aerial count showed a population of 7,575 Knots, which is down about 600 from a previous census in the 1980s. However, the count for all shorebird species combined was only 24,000 compared to 198,600 in the 1980s, paralleling a world-wide trend of population decline in shorebirds. Resightings of colour-banded knots confirmed that this is a separate population from the larger wintering population in Tierra del Fuego. All species of shorebirds captured in Maranhão were found to be infested with feather lice and mites. Body masses of knots in Maranhão were significantly lower than in Tierra del Fuego, and about half the birds were below the hypothesized fat-free mass of the species. Blood and feather samples were taken from 38 Knots for subsequent assessment of virus loads, and for detecting sites where primary feather moult had occurred. This will enable us to establish whether significant mortality is associated with pathogen loads and the energetic demands of delayed moulting. The small size of the Maranhão population and the loss of another 13,000 knots this winter from the Tierra del Fuego population means that both are now endangered. Brochures on the need for Red Knot conservation were designed and printed, and have been circulated among fishing communities and school classes in Maranhão.Fil: Baker,Allan J.. Royal Ontario Museum; CanadáFil: González, Patricia M.. Fundación Inalafquen; ArgentinaFil: Serrano, Ines L.. CEMAVE, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conservação das Aves Silvestres; BrasilFil: Júnior, Wallace R. T.. CEMAVE, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa para Conservação das Aves Silvestres; BrasilFil: Efe, Marcio A.. Universidade Federal de Alagoas; BrasilFil: Rice, Susan. Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge; Estados UnidosFil: D'amico, Veronica Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro CientÃfico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Rocha, Marcia C.. Belém, Pará; BrasilFil: Echave, MarÃa Eugenia. Fundación Inalafquen; Argentin
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