A Novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Exon 4 of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Associated with Production Traits in Bali Cattle

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is one of the gene candidates that can be used in selection strategy by using DNA markers (marker assisted selection). Gene candidate strategy is a molecular biology techniques to identify quantitative trait loci directly, with the assumption that genetic variation associated to quantitative trait variation. This study was designed to identify any new mutations in exon 4 that can cause the IGF-1 gene polymorphism and then affect the production traits on Bali cattle. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery was conducted by using the direct sequencing technique. Genetic variation of the genes candidate was identified by using PCR-RFLP technique. The results of this study indicate the presence of a new SNP in exon 4 of IGF-1 gene caused by the T/C transition, which can be identified using Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Genotypic polymorphism of IGF-1/Rsa1 has a significant influence on birth weight, weaning weight and average daily gain of Bali cattle. CC genotype had a birth weight rate, weaning weight and average daily gain of: 15.64±1.83; 83.15±9.00, and 0.439±0.07 respectively, higher than the TT and CT genotype. IGF-1/Rsa1 can be used as a genetic marker for selection of birth weight, weaning weight, and daily body weight gain

Band-edge diagrams for strained III-V semiconductor quantum wells, wires, and dots

We have calculated band-edge energies for most combinations of zincblende AlN, GaN, InN, GaP, GaAs, InP, InAs, GaSb and InSb in which one material is strained to the other. Calculations were done for three different geometries, quantum wells, wires, and dots, and mean effective masses were computed in order to estimate confinement energies. For quantum wells, we have also calculated band-edges for ternary alloys. Energy gaps, including confinement, may be easily and accurately estimated using band energies and a simple effective mass approximation, yielding excellent agreement with experimental results. By calculating all material combinations we have identified novel and interesting material combinations, such as artificial donors, that have not been experimentally realized. The calculations were perfomed using strain-dependent k-dot-p theory and provide a comprehensive overview of band structures for strained heterostructures.Comment: 9 pages, 17 figure

Dual projection in a two-dimensional curved expanding universe

It is a well known result that the scalar field is composed of two chiral particles (Floreanini-Jackiw particles) of opposite chiralities. Also, that a Siegel particle spectrum is formed by a nonmover field (a Hull's noton) and a FJ particle. In this work we show that in a scalar field spectrum, in a curved expanding universe scenario, we can find two dynamical chiral fields.Comment: 6 pages, Revtex. Final version to appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Partial cavity instabilities

This paper reviews some of the literature on partial cavity instabilities on single hydrofoils and then summarizes the striking differences in the appearance and behavior of partial cavities on swept foils (as opposed to two-dimensional, unswept foils) as rcently highlighted by de Lange et al. (1994) and Laberteaux and Ceccio (1998). These demonstrate the importance of the spanwise evolution of the re-entrant jet, and the consequences for the characteristics of the cavity closure flow. It is suggested in this paper that several variants of this evolution can be seen in the photographs of cavitation on single hydrofoils foils and on propellers. What is common to many of these variants is that, the spanwise evolution of the cavity and the re-entrant jet can give rise to conditions at some particular spanwise location(s) which initiate partial cavity instability. In this paper we present information on an instability that was observed to occur on a cavitating propeller of modern US Navy design. Detailed photographic examinations show that the instability oscillations involve spanwise development of a re-entrant jet and behavior similar to that of the partial cavity oscillations previously observed on two-dimensional foils

Surge Instability on a Cavitating Propeller

This study details experiments investigating a previously unrecognized surge instability on a cavitating propeller in a water tunnel. The surge instability is explored through visual observation of the cavitation on the propeller blades and in the tip vortices. Similarities between the instability and previously documented cavitation phenomena are noted. Measurements of the radiated pressure are obtained, and the acoustic signature of the instability is identified. The magnitudes of the fluctuating pressures are very large, presumably capable of producing severe hull vibration on a ship. The origins of this instability are explored through separate investigation of the cavitation dynamics and the response of the water tunnel to volumetric displacement in the working section. Experiments are conducted to quantify the dynamics of the propeller cavitation. Finally, a model is developed for the complete system, incorporating both the cavitation and facility dynamics. The model predicts active system dynamics (linked to the mass flow gain factor familiar in the context of pump dynamics) and therefore potentially unstable behavior for two distinct frequency ranges, one of which appears to be responsible for the instability

Entanglement and optimal strings of qubits for memory channels

We investigate the problem of enhancement of mutual information by encoding classical data into entangled input states of arbitrary length and show that while there is a threshold memory or correlation parameter beyond which entangled states outperform the separable states, resulting in a higher mutual information, this memory threshold increases toward unity as the length of the string increases. These observations imply that encoding classical data into entangled states may not enhance the classical capacity of quantum channels.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, latex, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Dynamics of some constrained lattices

We consider the dynamics of lattices which have constrained constitutive units flexible in only their mutual orientations. A continuum description is derived through which it is shown that the models have zero shear velocity, free-particle like internal rotational modes and volume decreasing linearly with temperature. The relevance of modelsto a range of problems is pointed out.Comment: 5 pages, 2 EPS figure

Stability of travelling-wave solutions for reaction-diffusion-convection systems

We are concerned with the asymptotic behaviour of classical solutions of systems of the form u_t = Au_xx + f(u, u_x), x in R, t>0, u(x,t) a vector in RN, with u(x,0)= U(x), where A is a positive-definite diagonal matrix and f is a 'bistable' nonlinearity satisfying conditions which guarantee the existence of a comparison principle. Suppose that there is a travelling-front solution w with velocity c, that connects two stable equilibria of f. We show that if U is bounded, uniformly continuously differentiable and such that w(x) - U(x) is small when the modulus of x is large, then there exists y in R such that u(., t) converges to w(.+y-ct) in the C1 norm at an exponential rate as t tends to infinity. Our approach extends an idea developed by Roquejoffre, Terman and Volpert in the convectionless case, where f is independent of u_x.Comment: 23 pages. To appear in Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysi