A distributed multiscale computation of a tightly coupled model using the Multiscale Modeling Language

AbstractNature is observed at all scales; with multiscale modeling, scientists bring together several scales for a holistic analysis of a phenomenon. The models on these different scales may require significant but also heterogeneous computational resources, creating the need for distributed multiscale computing. A particularly demanding type of multiscale models, tightly coupled, brings with it a number of theoretical and practical issues. In this contribution, a tightly coupled model of in-stent restenosis is first theoretically examined for its multiscale merits using the Multiscale Modeling Language (MML); this is aided by a toolchain consisting of MAPPER Memory (MaMe), the Multiscale Application Designer (MAD), and Gridspace Experiment Workbench. It is implemented and executed with the general Multiscale Coupling Library and Environment (MUSCLE). Finally, it is scheduled amongst heterogeneous infrastructures using the QCG-Broker. This marks the first occasion that a tightly coupled application uses distributed multiscale computing in such a general way

Changes in content and amino acid composition of soluble protein in winter triticale cultivars caused by grain aphid feeding

The obtained results showed that grain aphid (Sitobion avenae Fabr.) feeding caused an increase of the total protein content and a decrease of soluble protein level in the ears of both studied winter triticale cultivars (i.e. susceptible cultivar Grado and relatively resistant- Lasko). Moreover, the content of amino acids in soluble protein increased in Grado plants infested with the aphid, and reduced - in Lasko.Celem podjętych badań było określenie wpływu żerowania mszycy zbożowej na zawartość i skład aminokwasowy białka rozpuszczalnego wyizolowanego z kłosów dwóch odmian pszenżyta ozimego o zróżnicowanym stopniu odporności na tego szkodnika. W oparciu o uzyskane rezultaty stwierdzono, że żerowanie bezskrzydłych samic S. avenae wywołuje wzrost zawartości zarówno białka ogólnego jak i rozpuszczalnego w podatnej odmianie Grado. Natomiast w zasiedlonych przez mszyce roślinach względnie odpornej odmiany Lasko wzrastało stężenie białka ogólnego przy równoczesnym spadku poziomu białka rozpuszczalnego. Analiza składu aminokwasowego białka rozpuszczalnego wykazała, że pod wpływem żerowania S. avenae w pszenżycie Grado wzrasta zawartość aminokwasów egzogennych i endogennych, a w odmianie Lasko - obniża się. Otrzymane rezultaty dowiodły ponadto, że zmiany w zawartości i składzie aminokwasowym analizowanych frakcji białka uzależnione są w dużej mierze od czasu żerowania szkodnika

Reduktaza azotanowa siewek pszenzyta ozimego

Nitrite reductase (NiR) was extracted from seedlings of winter triticale cultivar Moreno in the form of homogenous protein fraction with molecular weight of about 61 kDa, characterised by maximum of absorption at 280 and 390 nm. Differences in specific activity of enzyme isolated from plants cultivated in different conditions (garden soil, Hoagland's diet) suggest that NiR may be induced by light and nitrate ions presence in arable medium

The association between migraine and physical exercise

BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options for migraine patients. Exercise can be used in the treatment of several pain conditions, including. However, what exact role exercise plays in migraine prevention is unclear. Here, we review the associations between physical exercise and migraine from an epidemiological, therapeutical and pathophysiological perspective. METHODS: The review was based on a primary literature search on the PubMed using the search terms "migraine and exercise". RESULTS: Low levels of physical exercise and high frequency of migraine has been reported in several large population-based studies. In experimental studies exercise has been reported as a trigger factor for migraine as well as migraine prophylaxis. Possible mechanisms for how exercise may trigger migraine attacks, include acute release of neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide or alternation of hypocretin or lactate metabolism. Mechanisms for migraine prevention by exercise may include increased beta-endorphin, endocannabinoid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levers in plasma after exercise. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it seems that although exercise can trigger migraine attacks, regular exercise may have prophylactic effect on migraine frequency. This is most likely due to an altered migraine triggering threshold in persons who exercise regularly. However, the frequency and intensity of exercise that is required is still an open question, which should be addressed in future studies to delineate an evidence-based exercise program to prevent migraine in sufferers