On the block wavelet transform applied to the boundary element method

This paper follows an earlier work by Bucher et al. [1] on the application of wavelet transforms to the boundary element method, which shows how to reuse models stored in compressed form to solve new models with the same geometry but arbitrary load cases - the so-called virtual assembly technique. The extension presented in this paper involves a new computational procedure created to perform the required two-dimensional wavelet transforms by blocks, theoretically allowing the compression of matrices of arbitrary size. Details of the computer implementation that allows the use of this methodology for very large models or at high compression ratios are given. A numerical application shows a standard PC being used to solve a 131,072 DOF model, previously compressed, for 100 distinct load cases in less than 1 hour – or 33 seconds for each load case

Thermal phase transitions for Dicke-type models in the ultra-strong coupling limit

We consider the Dicke model in the ultra-strong coupling limit to investigate thermal phase transitions and their precursors at finite particle numbers $N$ for bosonic and fermionic systems. We derive partition functions with degeneracy factors that account for the number of configurations and derive explicit expressions for the Landau free energy. This allows us to discuss the difference between the original Dicke (fermionic) and the bosonic case. We find a crossover between these two cases that shows up, e.g., in the specific heat.Comment: 4 pages Brief Report styl

Josephson Effect in Pb/I/NbSe2 Scanning Tunneling Microscope Junctions

We have developed a method for the reproducible fabrication of superconducting scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips. We use these tips to form superconductor/insulator/superconductor tunnel junctions with the STM tip as one of the electrodes. We show that such junctions exhibit fluctuation dominated Josephson effects, and describe how the Josephson product IcRn can be inferred from the junctions' tunneling characteristics in this regime. This is first demonstrated for tunneling into Pb films, and then applied in studies of single crystals of NbSe2. We find that in NbSe2, IcRn is lower than expected, which could be attributed to the interplay between superconductivity and the coexisting charge density wave in this material.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures. Presented at the New3SC-4 meeting, San Diego, Jan. 16-21 200

Stable isotope compositions of a late Jurassic ammonite shell: a record of seasonal surface water temperatures in the southern hemisphere?

International audienceExceptional preservation of aragonite secreted by ammonites offers an opportunity to determine the seasonal temperature variations of Mesozoic surface waters. Ontogenetic profiles of carbon and oxygen isotope compositions have been obtained from the nacreous layer of a well-preserved Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) ammonite (Perisphinctes) from Madagascar. A similar range of oxygen isotope compositions was also obtained from an associated benthic bivalve (Astarte) which suggests the absence of sampling bias. Late Jurassic seasonal variations in the southern Hemisphere were close to 2.5°C and relatively weak when compared to the 2.5–6.5°C temperature range prevailing in the present-day Indian ocean at a paleolatitude of 40±1° S. According to the hypothesis of an ice cap-free Late Jurassic Earth, average sea surface temperatures may have been up to 7°C higher than now

Erektile Dysfunktion bei Männern in der zweiten Lebenshälfte

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Bisherige Studien zur Prävalenz der erektilen Dysfunktion (ED) zeigen unterschiedliche Ergebnisse. Mit der vorliegenden Studie werden die Häufigkeit und graduelle Ausprägung der ED, deren begünstigende Faktoren sowie das Hilfesuchverhalten der Betroffenen untersucht. Stichprobe und Methodik: Eine Zufallsstichprobe von 628 Deutschschweizer Männern (Durchschnittsalter 61,5Jahre) wurde mittels Fragebogen zur sexuellen Funktionsfähigkeit, Komorbidität und zu ihrem Hilfesuchverhalten befragt. Ergebnisse: 9,6% der Befragten berichten über eine vollständige, 18,0% über eine moderate und 41,4% über eine minimale ED. Alle Grade der Störung nehmen mit dem Alter zu und korrelieren mit somatischer bzw. psychischer Komorbidität sowie Medikamenteneinnahme. Nur 3,2% geben an, schon Mittel zur Verbesserung der Erektionsfähigkeit eingenommen bzw. verwendet zu haben. Schlussfolgerungen: Nur ein kleiner Teil von Männern mit ED sucht ärztliche Hilfe. Sachliche Aufklärung und kompetente ärztliche Beratung von Betroffenen erscheinen angesichts der guten Wirksamkeit von PDE-5-Hemmern angebrach

Anatomical variation of the extracranial course of the optic nerve in the floor of the sphenoid sinus: first reported case

Abstract Objective: We report a unique case of anatomical variation of the extracranial course of the optic nerve running in the floor of the sphenoid sinus. Method: Clinical and radiological findings are presented. Results: A 39-year-old woman with Turner syndrome presented with severe headache associated with visual disturbances. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass presumed to be a sella meningioma. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses was undertaken to help plan surgical removal via an endoscopic trans-sphenoidal approach; this scan revealed an atypical extracranial course of the optic nerve, running in the floor of the sphenoid sinu

HIV infection and cardiovascular disease

Aims With the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related comorbidities like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are of increasing concern. We describe important recent research developments on the epidemiology of CVD in HIV infection, ART-related metabolic changes, and cardioprotective anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and summarize management strategies for CVD risk reduction. Methods and results We systematically identified and analysed systematic reviews and most cited literature published in the last 3 years and supplemented findings with selected evidence based on clinical expertise. Among HIV-infected individuals, the prevalence of CVD risk factors and the risk for CVD is higher compared with HIV negatives. Antiretroviral drugs may induce dyslipidaemia, reduce insulin sensitivity, and promote body fat redistribution that additionally contributes to CVD risk. Some antiretroviral drugs may increase risk for CVD events, but the absolute risk increase is moderate and has to be put into perspective with the massive HIV-related benefits. Sustained HIV suppression reduces systemic inflammatory markers and is associated with a moderate reduction in CVD events. Regular CVD risk assessment and counselling to stop smoking must be regularly done in all HIV-infected individuals. Statins are effective for the treatment of dyslipidaemia in HIV infection, but drug interactions with ART need to be considered. Conclusion Human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals are at increased risk for CVD. Timely initiation of ART with consequent viral suppression is likely to reduce CVD events and to offset potential side effects from ART-induced metabolic changes. Reduction in smoking in HIV-infected individuals is a public health priorit

Protease inhibitor-sparing simplified maintenance therapy: a need for perspective

Body fat changes and metabolic abnormalities such as hyperlipidaemia and diabetes have been increasingly reported following the successful introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). These side effects were attributed initially to the use of protease inhibitors (PIs). As a consequence, a series of trials were conducted where patients with well-controlled HIV viraemia either continued on PIs or were switched to a simplified maintenance therapy (SMT) without PIs. Evidence from these trials is still insufficient to show that switching from PIs to either abacavir, nevirapine or efavirenz is safe. However, patients with suboptimal pre-HAART treatment are at increased risk of virological failure if switched to an SMT. Patients switched from PI regimens tend to stay longer on an SMT and those switched to abacavir show a reduction in total cholesterol, but there is no evidence of any additional benefit from non-PI-based SMT. There is a clear need for a better understanding of HAART-related lipodystrophy and metabolic toxicity, and pharmacogenetic tests to identify those patients most at risk. The advent of simpler formulations for all drug classes, and new PIs with less metabolic toxicity, is likely to reshape completely the role of SM