42 research outputs found
Influência de diferentes substratos no desenvolvimento de mudas de Pinus taeda.
Organizado por Patrícia Póvoa de Mattos, Celso Garcia Auer, Paulo César Botosso e Rejane Stumpf Sberze
Influência de diferentes substratos no desenvolvimento de mudas de Eucalyptus benthamii.
Organizado por Patrícia Póvoa de Mattos, Celso Garcia Auer, Paulo César Botosso e Rejane Stumpf Sberze
Problemas nutricionais em Pinus taeda no viveiro comercial da Embrapa Florestas em Colombo, PR
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A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families
The Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized Fungi, and one of the most species-rich classes in the
kingdom. Here we provide a multigene phylogenetic synthesis (using three ribosomal RNA-coding and two
protein-coding genes) of the Lecanoromycetes based on 642 newly generated and 3329 publicly available
sequences representing 1139 taxa, 317 genera, 66 families, 17 orders and five subclasses (four currently
recognized: Acarosporomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, Ostropomycetidae, Umbilicariomycetidae; and one provisionarily recognized, ‘Candelariomycetidae’). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on four
multigene datasets assembled using a cumulative supermatrix approach with a progressively higher
number of species and missing data (5-gene, 5 + 4-gene, 5 + 4 + 3-gene and 5 + 4 + 3 + 2-gene datasets)
show that the current classification includes non-monophyletic taxa at various ranks, which need to be
recircumscribed and require revisionary treatments based on denser taxon sampling and more loci. Two
newly circumscribed orders (Arctomiales and Hymeneliales in the Ostropomycetidae) and three families
(Ramboldiaceae and Psilolechiaceae in the Lecanorales, and Strangosporaceae in the Lecanoromycetes
inc. sed.) are introduced. The potential resurrection of the families Eigleraceae and Lopadiaceae is considered
here to alleviate phylogenetic and classification disparities. An overview of the photobionts associated
with the main fungal lineages in the Lecanoromycetes based on available published records is provided. A
revised schematic classification at the family level in the phylogenetic context of widely accepted and
newly revealed relationships across Lecanoromycetes is included. The cumulative addition of taxa with
an increasing amount of missing data (i.e., a cumulative supermatrix approach, starting with taxa for which
sequences were available for all five targeted genes and ending with the addition of taxa for which only two
genes have been sequenced) revealed relatively stable relationships for many families and orders.
However, the increasing number of taxa without the addition of more loci also resulted in an expected substantial
loss of phylogenetic resolving power and support (especially for deep phylogenetic relationships),
potentially including the misplacements of several taxa. Future phylogenetic analyses should include
additional single copy protein-coding markers in order to improve the tree of the Lecanoromycetes. As part
of this study, a new module (‘‘Hypha’’) of the freely available Mesquite software was developed to compare
and display the internodal support values derived from this cumulative supermatrix approach.Keywords: Classification, Multi-gene phylogeny, Lichenized fungi, Systematics, Cumulative supermatrix, Lecanoromycete
Polyphase metamorphism in the eastern Carnic Alps (N Italy-S Austria): clay minerals and conodont Colour Alteration Index evidence
Thermal evolution of the Palaeozoic–Triassic sequences of the Carnic Alps has been characterised by b cell dimension and Kübler Index (illite “crystallinity”) of K-white micas (KI), Árkai Index (AI) of chlorites, clay mineral assemblages and conodont Colour Alteration Index (CAI). Data indicate at least two metamorphic events, Variscan and Alpine. In the older event high anchizonal conditions predominated although epizonal conditions were reached over wide areas. It was characterised by low-intermediate pressure facies. The thermal peak, was due mainly to an extensional regime during the Bashkirian.
A younger thermal overprint generated by Alpine orogeny was of lower grade, reaching high diagenetic–anchizonal conditions characterised by high pressure facies. Inverted metamorphic patterns are associated with middle to late Miocene thrusting. Hydrothermal alteration in the northern part of the region can be linked with emplacement of Oligocene plutons and high heat flow along the Periadratic lineament
Tectonothermal evolution in the core of an arcuate fold and thrust belt: the south-eastern sector of the Cantabrian Zone (Variscan belt, north-western Spain)
The tectonothermal evolution of an area located in the core of the
Ibero-Armorican Arc (Variscan belt) has been determined by using the conodont
colour alteration index (CAI), Kübler index of illite (KI), the Árkai
index of chlorite (AI) and the analysis of clay minerals and rock cleavage.
The area is part of the Cantabrian Zone (CZ), which represents the foreland
fold and thrust belt of the orogen. It has been thrust by several large units
of the CZ, what resulted in the generation of a large number of synorogenic
Carboniferous sediments. CAI, KI and AI values show an irregular distribution
of metamorphic grade, independent of stratigraphic position. Two
tectonothermal events have been distinguished in the area. The first one,
poorly defined, is mainly located in the northern part. It gave rise to very-low-grade metamorphism in some areas and it was associated with a deformation
event that resulted in the emplacement of the last large thrust unit and
development of upright folds and associated cleavage (<i>S</i><sub>1</sub>). The second
tectonothermal event gave rise to low-grade metamorphism and cleavage
(<i>S</i><sub>2</sub>) crosscutting earlier upright folds in the central, western and
southern parts of the study area. The event continued with the intrusion of
small igneous rock bodies, which gave rise to contact metamorphism and
hydrothermal alteration. This event was linked to an extensional episode due
to a gravitational instability at the end of the Variscan deformation. This
tectonothermal evolution occurred during the Gzhelian–Sakmarian.
Subsequently, several hydrothermal episodes took place and local crenulation
cleavage developed during the Alpine deformation