14,701 research outputs found
Examining professionals' and parents' views of using transanal irrigation with children: Understanding their experiences to develop a shared health resource for education and practise
Irrigation as a bowel management approach has been reportedly used with children for more than 20 years. Parents managing their child's chronic bowel problem have previously been shown to have increased emotional stress. The aim of this study was to explore professionals' (n = 24) understanding and parents' (n = 18) experiences of using transanal irrigation with children at home as a mid to longer term bowel management approach. This study was underpinned by action research methodology and used mixed methods determined by an action research group of parents, professionals, researchers, a voluntary sector worker, commercial representative and independent observer. Data informed the study outcome which was the development and evaluation of a shared health resource to support professionals in their holistic approach when prescribing transanal irrigation and guide parents in the areas of education, management, problem solving, support and goal setting. The resource includes constructed case studies from parents of their experiences to inform choice and decision-making between parents and professionals. The shared health resource provides an approach to initiating and evaluating transanal irrigation and is available in a paper format from key Internet sites across hospital, community and voluntary services
Corrections to Scaling in the Phase-Ordering Dynamics of a Vector Order Parameter
Corrections to scaling, associated with deviations of the order parameter
from the scaling morphology in the initial state, are studied for systems with
O(n) symmetry at zero temperature in phase-ordering kinetics. Including
corrections to scaling, the equal-time pair correlation function has the form
C(r,t) = f_0(r/L) + L^{-omega} f_1(r/L) + ..., where L is the coarsening length
scale. The correction-to-scaling exponent, omega, and the correction-to-scaling
function, f_1(x), are calculated for both nonconserved and conserved order
parameter systems using the approximate Gaussian closure theory of Mazenko. In
general, omega is a non-trivial exponent which depends on both the
dimensionality, d, of the system and the number of components, n, of the order
parameter. Corrections to scaling are also calculated for the nonconserved 1-d
XY model, where an exact solution is possible.Comment: REVTeX, 20 pages, 2 figure
Velocity Distribution of Topological Defects in Phase-Ordering Systems
The distribution of interface (domain-wall) velocities in a
phase-ordering system is considered. Heuristic scaling arguments based on the
disappearance of small domains lead to a power-law tail,
for large v, in the distribution of . The exponent p is
given by , where d is the space dimension and 1/z is the growth
exponent, i.e. z=2 for nonconserved (model A) dynamics and z=3 for the
conserved case (model B). The nonconserved result is exemplified by an
approximate calculation of the full distribution using a gaussian closure
scheme. The heuristic arguments are readily generalized to conserved case
(model B). The nonconserved result is exemplified by an approximate calculation
of the full distribution using a gaussian closure scheme. The heuristic
arguments are readily generalized to systems described by a vector order
parameter.Comment: 5 pages, Revtex, no figures, minor revisions and updates, to appear
in Physical Review E (May 1, 1997
Survival of a diffusing particle in an expanding cage
We consider a Brownian particle, with diffusion constant D, moving inside an
expanding d-dimensional sphere whose surface is an absorbing boundary for the
particle. The sphere has initial radius L_0 and expands at a constant rate c.
We calculate the joint probability density, p(r,t|r_0), that the particle
survives until time t, and is at a distance r from the centre of the sphere,
given that it started at a distance r_0 from the centre.Comment: 5 page
A head-up display format for transport aircraft approach and landing
An electronic flight-guidance display format was designed for use in evaluations of the collimated head-up display concept applied to transport aircraft landing. In the design process of iterative evaluation and modification, some general principles, or guidelines, applicable to electronic flight displays were suggested. The usefulness of an indication of instantaneous inertial flightpath was clearly demonstrated. Evaluator pilot acceptance of the unfamiliar display concepts was very positive when careful attention was given to indoctrination and training
Dynamics of Ordering of Heisenberg Spins with Torque --- Nonconserved Case. I
We study the dynamics of ordering of a nonconserved Heisenberg magnet. The
dynamics consists of two parts --- an irreversible dissipation into a heat bath
and a reversible precession induced by a torque due to the local molecular
field. For quenches to zero temperature, we provide convincing arguments, both
numerically (Langevin simulation) and analytically (approximate closure scheme
due to Mazenko), that the torque is irrelevant at late times. We subject the
Mazenko closure scheme to systematic numerical tests. Such an analysis, carried
out for the first time on a vector order parameter, shows that the closure
scheme performs respectably well. For quenches to , we show, to , that the torque is irrelevant at the Wilson-Fisher fixed
point.Comment: 13 pages, REVTEX, and 19 .eps figures, compressed, Submitted to Phys.
Rev.
Non-equilibrium Phase-Ordering with a Global Conservation Law
In all dimensions, infinite-range Kawasaki spin exchange in a quenched Ising
model leads to an asymptotic length-scale
at because the kinetic coefficient is renormalized by the broken-bond
density, . For , activated kinetics recovers the
standard asymptotic growth-law, . However, at all temperatures,
infinite-range energy-transport is allowed by the spin-exchange dynamics. A
better implementation of global conservation, the microcanonical Creutz
algorithm, is well behaved and exhibits the standard non-conserved growth law,
, at all temperatures.Comment: 2 pages and 2 figures, uses epsf.st
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