Chronologie de l'activité volcanique historique de l'arc insulaire des Nouvelles-Hébrides de 1595 à 1991 = Chronology of the historic volcanic activity of the New Hebrides island arc from 1595 to 1991

Etude chronologique, volcan par volcan, de l'activité historique ou récente des volcans de l'arc insulaire des Nouvelles-Hébride

A survey of assistive technology (AT) knowledge and experiences of healthcare professionals in the UK and France: challenges and opportunities for workforce development

Background: Assistive Technologies (AT) in healthcare can increase independence and quality of life for users. Concurrently, new AT devices offer opportunities for individualised care solutions. Nonetheless, AT remains under-utilised and is poorly integrated in practice by healthcare professionals (HCPs). Although occupational therapists (OTs), physiotherapists and speech and language therapists (SLTs) consider that AT solutions can offer problem-solving approaches to personalised care, they have a lesser understanding of application of AT in their practice. In this paper, we report findings of a survey on AT knowledge and experiences of HCPs in UK and France. Training needs also explored in the survey are presented in a separate paper on development of online training for the ADAPT project. Method: A survey of 37 closed/open questions was developed in English and French by a team of healthcare researchers. Content was informed by published surveys and studies. Email invitations were circulated to contacts in Health Trusts in UK and France ADAPT regions and the survey was hosted on an online platform. Knowledge questions addressed AT understanding and views of impact on user’s lives. Experience questions focussed on current practices, prescription, follow-up, abandonment and practice standards. 429 HCPs completed the survey (UK=167; FR=262) between June and November 2018. Key results: Participants were mainly female (UK 89.2%; FR 82.8%) and qualified 10+ years (UK 66.5%; FR 62.2%). A key group in both countries were OTs (UK 34.1%; FR 46.6%), with more physiotherapists and SLTs in UK (16.8%, 16.8%; Vs. FR 6.5%, 2.3%), and more nurses in France (22.1% Vs. UK 10.8%). More HCPs were qualified to degree level in France (75.2%; UK 48.5%, p<0.001). In terms of knowledge, all HCPs agreed that AT helps people complete otherwise difficult or impossible tasks (UK 86.2%; FR 94.3%) and that successful AT adoption always depends on support from carers, family and professionals (UK 52.7%; FR 66.2%). There were some notable differences between countries that require further exploration. For example, more French HCPs thought that AT is provided by trial and error (84.7%, UK 45.5%, p<0.001), while more UK HCPs believed that AT promotes autonomous living (93.4%; FR 42.8%, p<0.001). Also, more French HCPs considered that AT refers exclusively to technologically-advanced electronic devices (71.8%, UK 28.8%, p<0.001). In both countries, top AT prescribers were OTs, physiotherapists and SLTs. Respondents had little/no knowledge in comparing/choosing AT (UK 86.8%; FR 76.7%) and stated they would benefit from interdisciplinary clinical standards (UK 80.8%; FR 77.1%). A third of HCPs did not know if AT users had access to adequate resources/support (UK 34.1%; FR 27.5%) and rated themselves as capable to monitor continued effective use of AT (UK 38.9%; FR 34.8%). Conclusion: Knowledge and application of AT was varied between the two countries due to differences in health care provision and support mechanisms. Survey findings suggest that HCPs recognised the value of AT for users’ improved care, but had low confidence in their ability to choose appropriate AT solutions and monitor continued use, and would welcome AT interdisciplinary clinical standards

Phase Transition Study of Superconducting Microstructures

The presented results are part of a feasibility study of superheated superconducting microstructure detectors. The microstructures (dots) were fabricated using thin film patterning techniques with diameters ranging from $50\mu$m up to $500\mu$m and thickness of $1\mu$m. We used arrays and single dots to study the dynamics of the superheating and supercooling phase transitions in a magnetic field parallel to the dot surface. The phase transi- tions were produced by either varying the applied magnetic field strength at a constant temperature or changing the bath temperature at a constant field. Preliminary results on the dynamics of the phase transitions of arrays and single indium dots will be reported.Comment: 7pages in LaTex format, five figures available upon request by [email protected], preprint Bu-He 93/

Neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the USA

Objectives To examine the association between neighbourhood deprivation and lung cancer risk. Design Nested case–control study. Setting Southern Community Cohort Study of persons residing in 12 states in the southeastern USA. Participants 1334 cases of lung cancer and 5315 controls. Primary outcome measure Risk of lung cancer. Results After adjustment for smoking status and other confounders, and additional adjustment for individual-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES), there was no monotonic increase in risk with worsening deprivation score overall or within sex and race groups. There was an increase among current and shorter term former smokers (p=0.04) but not among never and longer term former smokers. There was evidence of statistically significant interaction by sex among whites, but not blacks, in which the effect of worsening deprivation on lung cancer existed in males but not in females. Conclusions Area-level measures of SES were associated with lung cancer risk in current and shorter term former smokers only in this population

PHIL photoinjector test line

LAL is now equiped with its own platform for photoinjectors tests and Research and Developement, named PHIL (PHotoInjectors at LAL). This facility has two main purposes: push the limits of the photoinjectors performances working on both the design and the associated technology and provide a low energy (MeV) short pulses (ps) electron beam for the interested users. Another very important goal of this machine will be to provide an opportunity to form accelerator physics students, working in a high technology environment. To achieve this goal a test line was realised equipped with an RF source, magnets and beam diagnostics. In this article we will desrcibe the PHIL beamline and its characteristics together with the description of the first two photoinjector realised in LAL and tested: the ALPHAX and the PHIN RF Guns

Learning and attention increase visual response selectivity through distinct mechanisms

Selectivity of cortical neurons for sensory stimuli can increase across days as animals learn their behavioral relevance and across seconds when animals switch attention. While both phenomena occur in the same circuit, it is unknown whether they rely on similar mechanisms. We imaged primary visual cortex as mice learned a visual discrimination task and subsequently performed an attention switching task. Selectivity changes due to learning and attention were uncorrelated in individual neurons. Selectivity increases after learning mainly arose from selective suppression of responses to one of the stimuli but from selective enhancement and suppression during attention. Learning and attention differentially affected interactions between excitatory and PV, SOM, and VIP inhibitory cells. Circuit modeling revealed that cell class-specific top-down inputs best explained attentional modulation, while reorganization of local functional connectivity accounted for learning-related changes. Thus, distinct mechanisms underlie increased discriminability of relevant sensory stimuli across longer and shorter timescales

PHIL Accelerator at LAL - Diagnostic status

http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/BIW2010/papers/tupsm100.pdfInternational audienceThe "Photo-Injector at LAL" (PHIL : http://phil.lal.in2p3.fr/) is a new electron beam accelerator at LAL. This accelerator is dedicated to test and characterise electron photo-guns and high-frequency structures for future accelerator projects (like the next generation lepton colliders, CLIC, ILC). This machine has been designed to produce low energy (E<10 MeV), small emittance (epsilon < 10 pi.mm.mrad), high current (charge 2 nC/bunch) electrons bunch at low repetition frequency (frep<10Hz) [1]. The first beam has been obtained on the 4th of November 2009. This paper will describe the current status and the futures developments of the diagnostics devices on this machine

Low Energy Beam Measurements Using PHIL Accelerator at LAL, Comparison with PARMELA Simulations

http://accelconf.web.cern.ch/AccelConf/PAC2011/papers/wep210.pdfInternational audiencePHIL ("PHo­to-In­jec­tor at LAL") is a new elec­tron beam ac­cel­er­a­tor at LAL. This ac­cel­er­a­tor is ded­i­cat­ed to test and char­ac­ter­ize elec­tron RF-guns and to de­liv­er elec­tron beam to users. This ma­chine has been de­signed to pro­duce and char­ac­terise low en­er­gy (E<10 MeV), small emit­tance (e<10 p.​mm.​mrad), high bril­liance elec­trons bunch at low rep­e­ti­tion fre­quen­cy (n<10Hz). The first beam has been ob­tained on the 4th of Novem­ber 2009. The cur­rent RF-gun test­ed on PHIL is the Al­phaX gun, a 2.5 cell S-band cav­i­ty de­signed by LAL for the plas­ma ac­cel­er­a­tor stud­ies per­formed at the Strath­clyde uni­ver­si­ty. This paper will pre­sent the first Al­phaX RF-gun char­ac­ter­i­za­tions per­formed at LAL on PHIL ac­cel­er­a­tor, and will show com­par­isons be­tween mea­sure­ments and PARMELA sim­u­la­tions

A database and deep learning toolbox for noise-optimized, generalized spike inference from calcium imaging

Inference of action potentials (‘spikes’) from neuronal calcium signals is complicated by the scarcity of simultaneous measurements of action potentials and calcium signals (‘ground truth’). In this study, we compiled a large, diverse ground truth database from publicly available and newly performed recordings in zebrafish and mice covering a broad range of calcium indicators, cell types and signal-to-noise ratios, comprising a total of more than 35 recording hours from 298 neurons. We developed an algorithm for spike inference (termed CASCADE) that is based on supervised deep networks, takes advantage of the ground truth database, infers absolute spike rates and outperforms existing model-based algorithms. To optimize performance for unseen imaging data, CASCADE retrains itself by resampling ground truth data to match the respective sampling rate and noise level; therefore, no parameters need to be adjusted by the user. In addition, we developed systematic performance assessments for unseen data, openly released a resource toolbox and provide a user-friendly cloud-based implementation