A Quantitative Measure of Interference

We introduce an interference measure which allows to quantify the amount of interference present in any physical process that maps an initial density matrix to a final density matrix. In particular, the interference measure enables one to monitor the amount of interference generated in each step of a quantum algorithm. We show that a Hadamard gate acting on a single qubit is a basic building block for interference generation and realizes one bit of interference, an ``i-bit''. We use the interference measure to quantify interference for various examples, including Grover's search algorithm and Shor's factorization algorithm. We distinguish between ``potentially available'' and ``actually used'' interference, and show that for both algorithms the potentially available interference is exponentially large. However, the amount of interference actually used in Grover's algorithm is only about 3 i-bits and asymptotically independent of the number of qubits, while Shor's algorithm indeed uses an exponential amount of interference.Comment: 13 pages of latex; research done at http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr

Prosocial response to client-instigated victimisation: the roles of forgiveness and workgroup conflict

We investigate forgiveness as a human service employee coping response to client-instigated victimizations and further explore the role of workgroup conflict in 1) facilitating this response, and 2) influencing the relationship between victimization and workplace outcomes. Using the theoretical lens of Conservation of Resources (Hobfoll, 1989), we propose that employees forgive clients – especially in the context of low workgroup conflict. From low to moderate levels of client-instigated victimization, we suggest that victimization and forgiveness are positively related; however, this positive relationship does not prevail when individuals confront egregious levels of victimization (i.e., an inverted-U shape). This curvilinear relationship holds under low but not under high workgroup conflict. Extending this model to workplace outcomes, findings also demonstrate that the indirect effects of victimization on job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intentions are mediated by forgiveness when workgroup conflict is low. Experiment- and field-based studies provide evidence for the theoretical model

Assessing the climate change impacts of biogenic carbon in buildings: a critical review of two main dynamic approaches

Wood is increasingly perceived as a renewable, sustainable building material. The carbon it contains, biogenic carbon, comes from biological processes; it is characterized by a rapid turnover in the global carbon cycle. Increasing the use of harvested wood products (HWP) from sustainable forest management could provide highly needed mitigation efforts and carbon removals. However, the combined climate change benefits of sequestering biogenic carbon, storing it in harvested wood products and substituting more emission-intensive materials are hard to quantify. Although different methodological choices and assumptions can lead to opposite conclusions, there is no consensus on the assessment of biogenic carbon in life cycle assessment (LCA). Since LCA is increasingly relied upon for decision and policy making, incorrect biogenic carbon assessment could lead to inefficient or counterproductive strategies, as well as missed opportunities. This article presents a critical review of biogenic carbon impact assessment methods, it compares two main approaches to include time considerations in LCA, and suggests one that seems better suited to assess the impacts of biogenic carbon in buildings

Prosocial response to client-instigated victimization: the roles of forgiveness and workgroup conflict

We investigate forgiveness as a human service employee coping response to client-instigated victimizations and further explore the role of workgroup conflict in 1) facilitating this response, and 2) influencing the relationship between victimization and workplace outcomes. Using the theoretical lens of Conservation of Resources (Hobfoll, 1989), we propose that employees forgive clients – especially in the context of low workgroup conflict. From low to moderate levels of client-instigated victimization, we suggest that victimization and forgiveness are positively related; however, this positive relationship does not prevail when individuals confront egregious levels of victimization (i.e., an inverted-U shape). This curvilinear relationship holds under low but not under high workgroup conflict. Extending this model to workplace outcomes, findings also demonstrate that the indirect effects of victimization on job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intentions are mediated by forgiveness when workgroup conflict is low. Experiment- and field-based studies provide evidence for the theoretical model

Galactose Metabolism Plays a Crucial Role in Biofilm Formation by Bacillus subtilis

Galactose is a common monosaccharide that can be utilized by all living organisms via the activities of three main enzymes that make up the Leloir pathway: GalK, GalT, and GalE. In Bacillus subtilis, the absence of GalE causes sensitivity to exogenous galactose, leading to rapid cell lysis. This effect can be attributed to the accumulation of toxic galactose metabolites, since the galE mutant is blocked in the final step of galactose catabolism. In a screen for suppressor mutants restoring viability to a galE null mutant in the presence of galactose, we identified mutations in sinR, which is the major biofilm repressor gene. These mutations caused an increase in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the biofilm matrix. We propose that UDP-galactose is the toxic galactose metabolite and that it is used in the synthesis of EPS. Thus, EPS production can function as a shunt mechanism for this toxic molecule. Additionally, we demonstrated that galactose metabolism genes play an essential role in B. subtilis biofilm formation and that the expressions of both the gal and eps genes are interrelated. Finally, we propose that B. subtilis and other members of the Bacillus genus may have evolved to utilize naturally occurring polymers of galactose, such as galactan, as carbon sources.Molecular and Cellular Biolog

La médiation interculturelle : une approche pour soutenir la relation parents immigrants-orthophonistes au niveau primaire

À partir de deux études (Bergeron et Beauregard, 2018 ; Borri-Anadon, 2014), l’une portant sur les parents immigrants et l’autre sur les orthophonistes travaillant en milieu scolaire multiethnique, l’article documente les perceptions de ces deux groupes quant aux pratiques de chacun à l’égard de l’enfant-élève issu de l’immigration ayant des difficultés de langage. En mobilisant le cadre théorique de l’approche interculturelle (Cohen-Emerique, 2015), les convergences et les divergences de ces perceptions sont mises en évidence. Cette mise en relation permet d’aborder la médiation interculturelle, en tant que processus de réflexion sur soi, sur l’autre et sur leurs interactions, comme étant susceptible de favoriser, par la connaissance et la reconnaissance mutuelles de leur expertise, la réussite éducative de l’enfant-élève

Resource Requirements for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Simulation: The Transverse Ising Model Ground State

We estimate the resource requirements, the total number of physical qubits and computational time, required to compute the ground state energy of a 1-D quantum Transverse Ising Model (TIM) of N spin-1/2 particles, as a function of the system size and the numerical precision. This estimate is based on analyzing the impact of fault-tolerant quantum error correction in the context of the Quantum Logic Array (QLA) architecture. Our results show that due to the exponential scaling of the computational time with the desired precision of the energy, significant amount of error correciton is required to implement the TIM problem. Comparison of our results to the resource requirements for a fault-tolerant implementation of Shor's quantum factoring algorithm reveals that the required logical qubit reliability is similar for both the TIM problem and the factoring problem.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure

Star Architecture as Socio-Material Assemblage

Taking inspiration from new materialism and assemblage, the chapter deals with star architects and iconic buildings as socio-material network effects that do not pre-exist action, but are enacted in practice, in the materiality of design crafting and city building. Star architects are here conceptualized as part of broader assemblages of actors and practices ‘making star architecture’ a reality, and the buildings they design are considered not just as unique and iconic objects, but dis-articulated as complex crafts mobilizing skills, technologies, materials, and forms of knowledge not necessarily ascribable to architecture. Overcoming narrow criticism focusing on the symbolic order of icons as unique creations and alienated repetitions of capitalist development, the chapter’s main aim is to widen the scope of critique by bridging culture and economy, symbolism and practicality, making star architecture available to a broad, fragmented arena of (potential) critics, unevenly equipped with critical tools and differentiated experiences