Physiological and genetic control of transpiration efficiency in African rice, Oryza glaberrima Steud

Improving crop water use efficiency, the amount of carbon assimilated as biomass per unit of water used by a plant, is of major importance as water for agriculture becomes scarcer. In rice, the genetic bases of transpiration efficiency, the derivation of water use efficiency at the whole-plant scale, and its putative component trait transpiration restriction under high evaporative demand remain unknown. These traits were measured in 2019 in a panel of 147 African rice (Oryza glaberrima) genotypes known to be potential sources of tolerance genes to biotic and abiotic stresses. Our results reveal that higher transpiration efficiency is associated with transpiration restriction in African rice. Detailed measurements in a subset of highly contrasted genotypes in terms of biomass accumulation and transpiration confirmed these associations and suggested that root to shoot ratio played an important role in transpiration restriction. Genome wide association studies identified marker-trait associations for transpiration response to evaporative demand, transpiration efficiency, and its residuals, with links to genes involved in water transport and cell wall patterning. Our data suggest that root-shoot partitioning is an important component of transpiration restriction that has a positive effect on transpiration efficiency in African rice. Both traits are heritable and define targets for breeding rice with improved water use strategies.This work was supported by the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, the CGIAR Research Program (CRP) on rice-agrifood systems (RICE, 2017-2022) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-17-MPGA-0011 to VV). Financial support by the Access to Research Infrastructures activity in the Horizon 2020 Programme of the EU (EPPN2020 Grant Agreement 731013) is gratefully acknowledged. PA was supported by a doctoral fellowship from the French Ministry of Higher Education. BEE was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique of Gabon. The authors acknowledge the IRD iTrop HPC (South Green Platform) at IRD Montpellier for providing HPC resources (https://bioinfo.ird.fr, http://www.southgreen.fr)

Cystic macular oedema on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in choroideremia patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of cystic macular edema (CME) in patients with choroideremia by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: Sixteen patients affected with choroideremia were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a complete eye examination. SD-OCT was performed using an OPKO spectral-domain OCT/SLO instrument. Results: The average age of the study patients was 44.0 ± 16.0 years (range, 13-63 years). Out of the 16 patients with choroideremia, 10 patients (62.5%) showed a degree of CME on SD-OCT testing in at least one eye, and 8 patients (50%) showed CME in both eyes. Conclusions: Because of its notable prevalence, it would seem prudent to screen choroideremia patients by SD-OCT for the possible presence of CME and to identify those amenable to future treatment strategies for their macular edema