High School Inputs and Labor Market Outcomes for Male Workers in Their Mid-Thirties: New Data and New Estimates from Wisconsin

This study presents new evidence on the relationship between high school inputs measured at the time male respondents attended high school and the earnings of these same individuals when they were in their mid-thirties. To accomplish this task, we matched newly coded data on the characteristics of Wisconsin high schools in 1954–57 to the Wisconsin Longitudinal Survey. Our estimates show a significant relationship between the characteristics of teachers and the earnings of their students 17 years after graduation. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in the average teacher salary in a district increases the earnings of students by 0.33 percent. The magnitude of this effect is larger than estimates reported in previous research and many times larger than the impact of increasing parents’ income by a comparable amount.

Caring Science Education: The Essence of Professional Practice for the Registered Nurse

Problem: Hospitals have moved from caring, healing environments to business or economic models of caring institutions that focus on census instead of on patients and on technology instead of on touch or human connection (Watson, 2006). Context: As nurse leaders, we have an obligation to create an environment of authentic, professional, human caring practices within our organizations. Caring science empowers nurses to balance the art and science of clinical judgment by engaging and collaborating with the patient and their family, focusing on the needs of the whole person, honoring the unique perception of health and healing, and engaging them to make decisions that nurture their wellbeing (Foss-Durant, McDermott, Kinney, & Triner, 2015). Integration of a theory-based professional practice, such as caring science, facilitates the connection between the nurse, patient, family, and members of the healthcare team by engaging in authentic, human caring relationships. Intervention: This DNP project intervention focused on connecting the dots of the multiple initiatives for the staff at the bedside through caring science as the foundation for professional practice, utilizing the caritas coaches within the organization to co-create, design, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized experiential Caring Science/Heart Science learning series for the professional nurses within this organization. Measures: Assessing and evaluating the impact of the Caring Science/Heart Science education program was evaluated using the Caring Factor Survey – Care Provider Version (CFS-CPV) and the organization’s custom HCAPHS question, Nurses treated me with loving kindness

Phytoremediation of Nitrate in the Karlsruhe Aquifer, McHenry County, North Dakota

Nitrate concentrations in the Karlsruhe aquifer (23,070 acres), located in north central McHenry County, North Dakota have been monitored by the North Dakota State Water Commission since 2001. The average nitrate-N concentration in the top ten feet of the aquifer was determined to be about 14.0 mg/L. The objective of this engineering design was to determine the location of shallow areas in the Karlsruhe aquifer where phytoremediation would be most suitable and to evaluate the effect of phytoremediation on attenuating nitrate-N concentrations. The determination of areas in the Karlsruhe aquifer where phytoremediation would be most effective was carried out through analysis of the average depth to water table in the spring and fall, and land use for that region. The potential phytoremediation areas were narrowed down further by accessing the location of primary discharge points in the aquifer. Cross-sections and flownets were utilized to gain a general understanding of groundwater flow beneath these areas. Calculations of nitrate-N loss were based on the hydraulic conductivity, porosity, hydraulic gradient, and the average nitrate-N concentration in the aquifer as well as the hybrid poplar’s nitrogen uptake ability. Overall, the influence of phytoremediation on nitrate-N concentrations in aquifer discharge was variable. The 66 ft long buffer was able to decrease the average concentration of 14 mg/L by about 50% to a value below the EPA-MCL when the hydraulic conductivity was 20 ft/day. The 30 ft long buffer decreased the initial nitrate-N concentration by only 20% when the hydraulic conductivity was 20 ft/day. Both riparian buffers had negligible effects on nitrate-N concentrations at maximum hydraulic conductivity. The geologic material comprising the Karlsruhe aquifer appears to have the greatest influence on the hybrid poplar’s ability to remove nitrate from the subsurface. The high hydraulic conductivity values for the aquifer create groundwater flow conditions in which the interaction between nitrate and the root zone is limited. However, it was recommended that a 66 ft long buffer be implemented along the Wintering River because the average nitrate-N concentration in the upper portion of the aquifer is above the EPA-MCL and a riparian buffer has the potential to decrease the concentrations to a suitable level

Efficiency, Efficacy, and Power in the Implementation of a Medication Adherence Aid.

Nonadherence to medication regimens is common, with approximately 50% of patients not taking their medications as prescribed. The Universal Medication Schedule (UMS) is a set of standardized, evidence-based, and patient-centered instructions for pill-form medications that has demonstrated improvements in adherence by promoting patient comprehension. An urban, publicly funded, integrated health care system attempted to adopt UMS labeling but had limited success at its largest pilot site, which was a safety-net health care system's outpatient pharmacy. To assess barriers to implementation, we engaged pharmacists at this site in group interviews. We thematically analyzed transcripts by integrating sociological work on standardization with grounded theory methodologies. In addition to lacking technological infrastructure, tensions among efficiency, efficacy, and effectiveness, and tension between individual/biomedical versus population health perspectives emerged as barriers to implementation. Additionally, we discovered that hierarchies of professional power impeded uptake. For successful implementation of evidence-based practices for vulnerable populations in resource-poor settings, efforts must anticipate and reconcile the tensions among conflicting demands, professional hierarchies, and divergent orientations to patient care. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2018;2(3):e128-e131.]

Design approaches and materials processes for ultrahigh efficiency lattice mismatched multi-junction solar cells

In this study, we report synthesis of large area (>2cm^2), crack-free GaAs and GaInP double heterostructures grown in a multi-junction solar cell-like structure by MOCVD. Initial solar cell data are also reported for GaInP top cells. These samples were grown on Ge/Si templates fabricated using wafer bonding and ion implantation induced layer transfer techniques. The double heterostructures exhibit radiative emission with uniform intensity and wavelength in regions not containing interfacial bubble defects. The minority carrier lifetime of ~1ns was estimated from photoluminescence decay measurements in both double heterostructures. We also report on the structural characteristics of heterostructures, determined via atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and correlate these characteristics to the spatial variation of the minority carrier lifetime

Multiangle observations of Arctic clouds from FIRE ACE: June 3, 1998, case study

In May and June 1998 the Airborne Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (AirMISR) participated in the FIRE Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE). AirMISR is an airborne instrument for obtaining multiangle imagery similar to that of the satellite-borne MISR instrument. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the data collected on June 3, 1998. In particular, AirMISR radiance measurements are compared with measurements made by two other instruments, the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) and the MODIS airborne simulator (MAS), as well as to plane-parallel radiative transfer simulations. It is found that the AirMISR radiance measurements and albedo estimates compare favorably both with the other instruments and with the radiative transfer simulations. In addition to radiance and albedo, the multiangle AirMISR data can be used to obtain estimates of cloud top height using stereoimaging techniques. Comparison of AirMISR retrieved cloud top height (using the complete MISR-based stereoimaging approach) shows excellent agreement with the measurements from the airborne Cloud Lidar System (CLS) and ground-based millimeterwave cloud radar

The Effect of Natural Dissolved Organic Carbon on the Acute Toxicity of Copper to Larval Freshwater Mussels (\u3cem\u3eGlochidia\u3c/em\u3e)

The present study examined the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), both added and inherent, on Cu toxicity in glochidia, the larvae of freshwater mussels. Using incremental additions of natural DOC concentrate and reconstituted water, a series of acute copper toxicity tests were conducted. An increase in DOC from 0.7 to 4.4 mg C/L resulted in a fourfold increase (36–150 μg Cu/L) in the 24-h median effective concentration (EC50) and a significant linear relationship (r2=0.98, p=0.0008) between the DOC concentration and the Cu EC50 of Lampsilis siliquoidea glochidia. The ameliorating effect of added DOC on Cu toxicity was confirmed using a second mussel species, the endangered (in Canada) Lampsilis fasciola. The effect of inherent (i.e., not added) DOC on Cu toxicity was also assessed in eight natural waters (DOC 5–15 mg C/L). These experiments revealed a significant relationship between the EC50 and the concentration of inherent DOC (r2=0.79, p=0.0031) with EC50s ranging from 27 to 111 μg Cu/L. These laboratory tests have demonstrated that DOC provides glochidia with significant protection from acute Cu toxicity. The potential risk that Cu poses to mussel populations was assessed by comparing Cu and DOC concentrations from significant mussel habitats in Ontario to the EC50s. Although overall mean Cu concentration in the mussel’s habitat was well below the acutely toxic level given the concentration of DOC, episodic Cu releases in low DOC waters may be a concern for the recovery of endangered freshwater mussels. The results are examined in the context of current Cu water quality regulations including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) biotic ligand model

Old thoughts in new dress : or, Today\u27s theology for laymen

https://place.asburyseminary.edu/ecommonsatsdigitalresources/1541/thumbnail.jp

Attention To People Like You: A Proposal Regarding Neuroendocrine Effects on Linguistic Variation

Although the literature on language change has often replicated and discussed a pattern in which female speakers lead in changes that occur below the level of awareness, there is no consensus on why this pattern should arise. Interestingly, recent findings in endocrinology show that differences in prenatal testosterone exposure can impact learning patterns. In the light of these findings, we first present preliminary results consistent with the hypothesis that a biological factor, prenatal exposure to androgens, can have a small, continuous biasing effect on linguistic variation, namely the variable duration of pre-aspiration conditioned by voiceless obstruents in Tyneside English. Second, we propose an explanatory model in which the biological factor—prenatal testosterone exposure—creates subtle bias in how speakers learn linguistic variants and suggest that some reported sex effects are derivative. This model is compatible with the high tendency for females to lead in language change from below (Labov 1990: 206)