Effect of Maize Stover in Fermented Total Mixed Ration on Nutritive Value and Digestibility Quality in Vitro

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of maize stover used as roughage source in fermented total mixed ration on nutritive value and digestibility quality by in vitro technique. The experimental compared between the feeds non-fermented total mixed ratio (TMR) group and fermented total mixed ratio (FTMR) group by fermentation 21 days, each group were ratio 60:40 and five replications. The results revealed that CF content of FTMR increased from 33.79% to 40.70% significantly different (P0.05). The digestibility quality were dry matter digestibility (%DMD) in FTMR higher than control group significantly different (P0.05) and N-NH3 concentrations were not significantly different (P>0.05). The gas production was recorded at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24h of incubation. The cumulative gas production curve both of treatments was remarkable boost from 0h to 6h incubation of FTMR from 57.5 to 37 ml and then incubation time the cumulative gas production both of them were slowly decrease

Psoriasis and risk of type 2 diabetes among women and men in the United States: a population-based cohort study

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) shares some common risk factors with psoriasis. We evaluated the association between psoriasis and risk of incident T2D among women and men in the United States in a mixed retrospective-prospective cohort study. 184,395 participants were included from an older cohort of women (the Nurses’ Health Study, NHS) (1996–2008), a younger cohort of women (NHS II) (1991–2007) and an older cohort of men (Health Professionals’ Follow-Up Study, HPFS) (1986–2006). During 2,700,958 person-years of follow-up, 9,938 incident T2D cases were confirmed. We found a significantly increased risk of T2D associated with psoriasis only among younger women (NHS II); multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) was 1.25 1.05–1.49). When only including those younger than 60 years during follow-up (NHS and HPFS), we observed a non-significant trend toward increased risk for T2D. In a pooled-analysis of the three cohorts, psoriatics younger than 60 years were at a higher risk of T2D; RR 1.26 (1.08–1.48) for women, and 1.26 (1.08–1.46) for both sexes combined. Further, the risk of T2D was much higher for those developing psoriasis at an early age. In conclusion, we found an association between psoriasis and risk of T2D among individuals younger than 60 years

Association of influenza infection and vaccination with cardiac biomarkers and left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the association of influenza infection and vaccination with extent of cardiac damage during acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) as measured by serum biomarkers and left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) in patients. Methods: Post-hoc analysis was performed on data from a prospective case-control study of influenza and AMI, conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Sydney, Australia. We included 275 cases of AMI, aged ≥ 40 years admitted to the cardiology during the study period. Results: Mean and median CK-MB levels were significantly higher among unvaccinated group compared to vaccinated group (p value < 0.05). Troponin levels were also higher among unvaccinated group compared to vaccinated group; although not statistically significant. Troponin and CKMB values were not statistically different among influenza positive cases and influenza negative cases. Large size infarcts were less frequent among vaccinated cases compared to unvaccinated cases (25% vs 35.5%) and were more frequent among influenza positive cases compared to influenza negative cases (35.3% vs 31.5%), however differences were not statistically significant. LVEF was lower among vaccinated cases compared to unvaccinated cases (62.5% vs. 52.8%) and influenza positive cases compared to influenza negative cases (58.8% vs 55.4), however differences were not significant. Conclusion: Lower CKMB levels among vaccinated groups showed that influenza vaccine may have a protective effect against large infarcts, therefore influenza vaccination should be recommended for high risk groups. The study suggests an association of larger infarcts with influenza infection, but larger studies are required to confirm this

Review of Food Access in the Shade of Critical Times

Food security is a condition where people at all times have physical, economic, and social access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food. Even though the world produces enough food for all humans, we have people with low access to food due to several socioeconomic variables, and this lack of food access affects their lives and health in return. On regular days, physical access to food outlets is limited by several variables and that creates categories in food access areas. In extreme weather events, the accessibility becomes more limited due to the impact on mobility, and interruption to electricity or transportation systems. These weather events increase due to climate change, and the future is highly unpredictable. The cumulative effect of climate change and pandemics increases the risk of complicated circumstances for food security. COVID-19 pandemic is considered the largest epidemic, and the onset of these large-scale future epidemics is predicted to be inevitable. This chapter will describe the extent of food access categories in Guilford county of North Carolina pre-COVID-19, and the influence of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic on the food-access distribution

Teenage acne and cancer risk in U.S. women: A prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Acne reflects hormone imbalance and is a key component of several systemic diseases. We hypothesized that diagnosis of acne as a teenager might predict subsequent risk of hormone-related cancers. METHODS: We followed 99,128 female nurses in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort for 20 years (1989-2009) and used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of 8 specific cancers (breast, thyroid, colorectal, ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers, melanoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma) for women with a history of severe teenage acne. RESULTS: After thoroughly adjusting for the previously known risk factors for each cancer, we found that among women with a history of severe teenage acne, the relative risk increased, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.01) for melanoma. We replicated this association in an independent melanoma case-control study of 930 cases and 1026 controls (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.56). We also found that in both studies the individuals with teenage acne were more likely to have moles (52.7% vs 50.1%, P < .001 in the cohort study; and 55.2% vs 45.1%, P = .004 in the case-control study). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a history of teenage acne might be a novel risk factor for melanoma independent from the known factors, which supports a need for continued investigation of these relationships