An Annotated List of Scale Insects (Homoptera: Coccoidea) from Turkey

A list of 176 species of Coccoidea recorded from Turkey, belonging to 13 families and 84 genus, is presented. This list is taken from the authors collection records and from bibliographical sources. The most numerous families are Diaspididae (93 species), Coccidae (33 species) and Pseudococcidae (22 species). The remaining families have between 1 and 6 species each. Of the 176 species 12 are considered to be endemic. In Turkish orchard systems, 15 species are of sufficient economic importance to require control measures. In addition to the cultivated plants, non-cultivated plants have many scale insect on them because of the zoogeographical situation of Turkey, lying as it does between the Mediterranean, the Irano-Turanian and Euro-Siberian subregions of Palaearctic. This list is unlikely to be complete and further studies are needed

Predators of Marchalina hellenica (Hemiptera: Marchalinidae) on pine forests in Turkey

The honeydew of Marchalina hellenica is collected by honeybees for pine honey production, which is of great economic importance in Turkey. During 2009-2011 we investigated the predators of M. hellenica, which is distributed mainly in the areas with a Mediterranean climate - in the Aegean, Marmara and Mediterranean regions of Turkey. The findings showed that M. hellenica has many predators in the studied areas and that these play an important role in the forest ecosystem. These predators are: Anystis baccarum (L.) (Acarina: Anystidae); Allothrombium triticium Zhang and Allothrombium pulvinum Ewing (Acarina: Trombidiidae); Neoleucopis kartliana (Tanasijtshuk) (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae); Myrrha octodecimguttata (L.), Rodolia cardinalis Mulstant, Scymnus subvillosus (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Dichochrysa genei (Rambur), Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister) and Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); Wesmaelius subnebulosus (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae), Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter and Elatophilus pachycnemis Horvath (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). The most efficient and common predator was N. kartliana, here recorded for the first time from Turkey