Nanoemulsão aquosa, processo de produção de nanoemulsão aquosa e método de controle de pragas

DepositadaApresenta uma nanoemulsão com atividade bioinseticida, permite a incorporação de substâncias insolúveis em meio aquoso, através de uma formulação estável, fina e elegante. A possibilidade de solubilizar substâncias apolares em meio aquoso permite que a formulação seja utilizada na liberação de substâncias insolúveis bioativas, com potencial ação inseticida frente a pragas agrícolas e/ou aplicação em focos de proliferação de larvas de Aedes aegypti, importante vetor da dengue. Ainda, a presente invenção apresenta processo de produção de nanoemulsão aquosa e método de controle de pragas por nanoemulsão aquosa

Cultivation-Independent Methods Reveal Differences among Bacterial Gut Microbiota in Triatomine Vectors of Chagas Disease

Chagas disease is one of the most important endemic diseases of South and Central America. Its causative agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to humans by blood-feeding insects known as triatomine bugs. These vectors mainly belong to Rhodnius, Triatoma and Panstrongylus genera of Reduviidae. The bacterial communities in the guts of these vectors may have important effects on the biology of T. cruzi. For this reason, we analyzed the bacterial diversity hosted in the gut of different species of triatomines using cultivation-independent methods. Among Rhodnius sp., we observed similar bacterial communities from specimens obtained from insectaries or sylvatic conditions. Endosymbionts of the Arsenophonus genus were preferentially associated with insects of the Panstrongylus and Triatoma genera, whereas the bacterial genus Serratia and Candidatus Rohrkolberia were typical of Rhodnius and Dipetalogaster, respectively. The diversity of the microbiota tended to be the largest in the Triatoma genus, with species of both Arsenophonus and Serratia being detected in T. infestans

DGGE fingerprints of bacterial 16S rDNA gene fragments amplified from gut microbiota.

<p>The λ lane contains 5 µl of a BenchTop 1 Kb DNA ladder (Promega). The other lanes are for <i>Dipetalogaster maximus</i> (A,B,C), <i>Panstrongylus megistus</i> (D,E,F), <i>Triatoma infestans</i> (G,H,I), <i>Triatoma vitticeps</i> (J,K,L), <i>Rhodnius neglectus</i> (M,N and O). Band identification corresponds to <i>Candidatus Rohrkolberia/Pectobacterium</i> (1 to 3), <i>Arsenophonus</i> (4 to 22), and <i>Serratia</i> (23 to 29).</p

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of a 16S rDNA library of <i>R. polixus</i> (Rp) gut microbiota.

<p>The 26 sequences (R in the phylogenetic tree) were obtained from insectary individuals (FIOCRUZ/IOC) and compared with GeneBank sequences. The percent values on branches are based on 1,000 bootstrap replicates. The ellipses represent OTU_0.03 clusters obtained with MOTHUR. The α ellipse represents an OTU_0.03 cluster shared by <i>D. maximus</i> and <i>R. polixus</i>. The δ ellipse represents an OTU_0.03 cluster shared by <i>R. polixus</i> and <i>T. infestans</i>.</p

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of a 16S rDNA library of <i>T. infestans</i> (Ti) gut microbiota.

<p>The 24 sequences (T in the phylogenetic tree) were obtained from insectary individuals (FIOCRUZ/IOC) and compared with GeneBank sequences. The percent values on branches are based on 1,000 bootstrap replicates. The ellipses represent OTU_0.03 clusters obtained with MOTHUR. The γ and β ellipses represent OTUs_0.03 clusters shared by <i>T. infestans</i> and <i>P. megistus</i>. The δ ellipse represents an OTU_0.03 cluster shared by <i>T. infestans</i> and <i>R. polixus</i>.</p

DGGE fingerprints of bacterial 16S rDNA gene fragments amplified from <i>Rhodnius</i>.

<p>The λ lane contains 5 µl of a BenchTop 1 Kb DNA ladder (Promega). The other lanes are for <i>R. prolixus</i> fed with rabbit blood (A); <i>R. prolixus</i> fed with chicken blood (B); <i>R. neglectus</i> fed with chicken blood (C); guts of Amazon sylvatic <i>Rhodnius sp.</i> adults (D, E, F, G); 5th instar <i>larvae</i> (H, I, J); and feces (K), (L, other sylvatic feces pool) and (M, insectary feces pool). Band identification matches <i>Serratia</i> (1, 2, 5 and 6), <i>Rohrkolberia</i> (3) and <i>Wolbachia</i> (4).</p

Rarefaction curves of 16S rDNA sequences from triatomine gut microbiota.

<p>The rarefaction curves were calculated using MOTHUR OTU_0.03 in libraries of <i>P. megistus</i> (Pm), <i>T. infestans</i> (Ti), <i>R. prolixus</i> (Rp) and <i>D. maximus</i> (Dm). The plot shows the number of new bacterial species as a function of the number of clones sequenced.</p

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of a 16S rDNA library of <i>D. maximus</i> (Dm) gut microbiota.

<p>The 25 sequences (D in the phylogenetic tree) were obtained from insectary individuals (FIOCRUZ/IOC) and compared with GeneBank sequences. The percent values on branches are based on 1,000 bootstrap replicates. The α ellipse represents an OTU_0.03 cluster obtained with MOTHUR that is shared by <i>D. maximus</i> and <i>R. polixus</i>.</p