Diets based on virgin olive oil or fish oil but not on sunflower oil prevent age-related alvolar bone resorption by mitochondrial-related mechanisms

Background/Objectives: Aging enhances frequency of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases or periodontitis. Here we reproduced an age-dependent model of the periodontium, a fully physiological approach to periodontal conditions, to evaluate the impact of dietary fat type on gingival tissue of young (6 months old) and old (24 months old) rats.Methods/Findings: Animals were fed life-long on diets based on monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) as virgin olive oil, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA), as sunflower oil, or n-3PUFA, as fish oil. Age-related alveolar bone loss was higher in n-6PUFA fed rats, probably as a consequence of the ablation of the cell capacity to adapt to aging. Gene expression analysis suggests that MUFA or n-3PUFA allowed mitochondria to maintain an adequate turnover through induction of biogenesis, autophagy and the antioxidant systems, and avoiding mitochondrial electron transport system alterations.Conclusions: The main finding is that the enhanced alveolar bone loss associated to age may be targeted by an appropriate dietary treatment. The mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are related with an ablation of the cell capacity to adapt to aging. Thus, MUFA or n-3PUFA might allow mitochondrial maintaining turnover through biogenesis or autophagy. They might also be able to induce the corresponding antioxidant systems to counteract age-related oxidative stress, and do not inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain. From the nutritional and clinical point of view, it is noteworthy that the potential treatments to attenuate alveolar bone loss (a feature of periodontal disease) associated to age could be similar to some of the proposed for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, a group of pathologies recently associated with age-related periodontitis.This study was supported by I+D grants from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AGL2008-01057) and the Autonomous Government of Andalusia (AGR832)

Coenzyme Q Protects Against Age-Related Alveolar Bone Loss Associated to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Rich-Diets by Modulating Mitochondrial Mechanisms

An age-dependent model of the periodontium was reproduced to evaluate the effect of life-long feeding on a low coenzyme Q10 dosage in n-6, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or monounsaturated fatty acid-based diets on periodontal tissues of young and old rats. Results shown that exacerbated age-related alveolar bone loss previously associated to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet was attenuated by coenzyme Q10. Gene expression analysis suggests that involved mechanisms might be related to a restored capacity of mitochondria to adapt to aging in gingival cells from rats fed on n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid. In particular, this could be due to an age-related increase of the rate of mitochondrial biogenesis and a better oxidative and respiratory balance in these animals. From the nutritional and clinical point of view, it is noteworthy that supplementation with coenzyme Q10 could counteract the negative effects of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid on alveolar bone loss (a major feature of periodontitis) associated to age

Dietary antioxidants and lifespan: Relevance of environmental conditions, diet, and genotype of experimental models

The rise of life expectancy in current societies is not accompanied, to date, by a similar increase in healthspan, which represents a great socio-economic problem. It has been suggested that aging can be manipulated and then, the onset of all age-associated chronic disorders can be delayed because these pathologies share age as primary underlying risk factor. One of the most extended ideas is that aging is consequence of the accumulation of molecular damage. According to the oxidative damage theory, antioxidants should slow down aging, extending lifespan and healthspan. The present review analyzes studies evaluating the effect of dietary antioxidants on lifespan of different aging models and discusses the evidence on favor of their antioxidant activity as anti-aging mechanisms. Moreover, possible causes for differences between the reported results are evaluated

Effects of dietary fat type on gingival mRNA and circulating levels of bone resorption markers (RANKL and OPG) of young (6 months old) and old (24 months old) rats fed on virgin olive (V), sunflower (S) or fish (F) oils.

<p>Results are presented as mean ± EEM. Asterisk (*) means a statistically significant difference between the same dietary treatment for rats aged 6 and 24 months. Lower-case letters, when different, represent statistically significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.05) between the three dietary treatments at 6 months. Upper-case letters, when different, represent statistically significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.05) between the three dietary treatments at 24 months.</p

Effects of dietary fat type on Interleukin-related mRNA levels in gingival tissue of young (6 months old) and old (24 months old) rats fed on virgin olive (V), sunflower (S) or fish (F) oils.

<p>Results are presented as mean ± EEM. Asterisk (*) means a statistically significant difference between the same dietary treatment for rats aged 6 and 24 months. Lower-case letters, when different, represent statistically significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.05) between the three dietary treatments at 6 months. Upper-case letters, when different, represent statistically significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.05) between the three dietary treatments at 24 months.</p

Effects of dietary fat type on alveolar bone loss in the mesial and distal roots of the second premolar and the first molar of young (6 months old) and old (24 months old) rats.

<p>Results are presented as mean ± EEM of bone loss between 6 and 24 months. Lower-case letters, when different, represent statistically significant differences (<i>P</i>< 0.05) between the three dietary treatments. The figure also shows dental cervical area after stained with methylene blue.</p