Nutritional status and accumulation of micronutrients in elephant grass cv. Roxo under rainfed conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and micronutrient accumulation run in the shoot of elephant grass cv. Roxo at different seasons under rainfed conditions. Seven growth ages (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 and 63 days) and three growth seasons (rainy, transition and dry) were evaluated in a completely randomized design with split plots arrangement, where the ages were allocated in the plots and the seasons in the subplots, with three replications. It was observed interaction between growth ages x seasons for the contents and accumulations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn). In the leaf, Fe (rainy and transition seasons), Zn, Cu and Mn (rainy season) reduced in response to the advancement in the growth age. In the dry season, the Fe content was linearly increased, while the Cu and Mn contents presented quadratic responses with increasing growth ages. The accumulations of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn showed an increasing linear response with advancement in ages at all cultivation seasons. At 63 days of growth, Fe accumulations of 915.51, 463.93 and 360.00 g ha 1; Zn of 439.19, 111.48 and 86.37 g ha 1; Cu ratio of 56.07, 31.43 and 35.30 g ha 1 and Mn of 333.16, 155.78 and 225.40 g ha 1 (rainy, transition and dry seasons, respectively) were estimated. The accumulation of micronutrients in elephant grass cv. Roxo under rainfed presents the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu for the rainy and transition seasons, and Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu for the dry season.Se objetivó evaluar el estado nutricional y la dinamica de acumulación de micronutrientes en la parte aérea del pasto elefante cv. Morado en diferentes épocas bajo secano. Se analizarón siete edades de crecimiento (9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54 y 63 días) y tres épocas de cultivo (lluviosa, transición y sequía), en un delineamiento completamente casualizado en el arreglo de parcelas subdivididas en el tiempo, las edades fueron asignadas en las parcelas y las épocas de cultivo en las subparcelas, con tres repeticiones. Se constató la interacción entre las edades de crecimiento y la época de cultivo para los contenidos y las acumulaciones de hierro (Fe), zinc (Zn), cobre (Cu) y manganeso (Mn). En la hoja, los niveles de Fe (épocas lluviosa y transición), Zn, Cu y Mn (época lluviosa) redujeron en respuesta al avance en la edad de crecimiento. En la época de sequía, el contenido de Fe fue incrementado linealmente, mientras que los niveles de Cu y Mn presentarón respuestas cuadráticas con el aumento de las edades de crecimiento. Los acúmulos de Fe, Zn, Cu y Mn presentarón una respuesta lineal creciente con el avance en las edades en todas las épocas de cultivo. A los 63 días de crecimiento, se estimaron acúmulos de Fe de 915.51, 463.93 y 360.00 g ha 1, Zn de 439.19, 111.48 y 86.37 g ha 1, Cu de 56.07, 31.43 y 35.30 g ha 1 y Mn de 333.16, 155.78 y 225.40 g ha 1 (épocas lluviosas, transición y sequía, respectivamente). La acumulación de micronutrientes en el pasto elefante cv. Morado manejado sobre secano presenta el siguiente orden Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu para las épocas lluviosas y de transición, y Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu para época de sequía

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora