Metabolic Programming during Lactation Stimulates Renal Na+ Transport in the Adult Offspring Due to an Early Impact on Local Angiotensin II Pathways

BACKGROUND: Several studies have correlated perinatal malnutrition with diseases in adulthood, giving support to the programming hypothesis. In this study, the effects of maternal undernutrition during lactation on renal Na(+)-transporters and on the local angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling cascade in rats were investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Female rats received a hypoproteic diet (8% protein) throughout lactation. Control and programmed offspring consumed a diet containing 20% protein after weaning. Programming caused a decrease in the number of nephrons (35%), in the area of the Bowman's capsule (30%) and the capillary tuft (30%), and increased collagen deposition in the cortex and medulla (by 175% and 700%, respectively). In programmed rats the expression of (Na(+)+K(+))ATPase in proximal tubules increased by 40%, but its activity was doubled owing to a threefold increase in affinity for K(+). Programming doubled the ouabain-insensitive Na(+)-ATPase activity with loss of its physiological response to Ang II, increased the expression of AT(1) and decreased the expression of AT(2) receptors), and caused a pronounced inhibition (90%) of protein kinase C activity with decrease in the expression of the α (24%) and ε (13%) isoforms. Activity and expression of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase decreased in the same proportion as the AT(2) receptors (30%). In vivo studies at 60 days revealed an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (70%), increased Na(+) excretion (80%) and intense proteinuria (increase of 400% in protein excretion). Programmed rats, which had normal arterial pressure at 60 days, became hypertensive by 150 days. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Maternal protein restriction during lactation results in alterations in GFR, renal Na(+) handling and in components of the Ang II-linked regulatory pathway of renal Na(+) reabsorption. At the molecular level, they provide a framework for understanding how metabolic programming of renal mechanisms contributes to the onset of hypertension in adulthood

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Awake bruxism frequency and psychosocial factors in college preparatory students

Objective: To assess the frequency of reported masticatory muscles activity during wakefulness (i.e., awake bruxism [AB]), levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in college preparatory students. Methods: Sixty-nine college preparatory students participated in the study. AB was evaluated by the Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC) and a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA; [Bruxapp®]). Anxiety and depression were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, stress was evaluated by the Perceived Stress Scale, and OHRQoL was obtained by The Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (α = 0.05). Results: The average EMA-reported frequency of AB behaviors was 38.4%. Significant correlations were found between AB and the OBC, anxiety, depression, stress, and OHRQoL (p < 0.001). Conclusion: College preparatory students demonstrated moderate frequency of AB, which was significantly correlated with psychosocial factors. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Sociodemographic Profile: A Forgotten Factor in Temporomandibular Disorders? A Scoping Review

Ivo Henrique Alexandrino Carapinha,1 Giancarlo De la Torre Canales,1– 3 Rodrigo Lorenzi Poluha,4 Mariana Barbosa Câmara-Souza,3 Nikolaos Christidis,2 Malin Ernberg,2 Andre Mariz de Almeida,1 Ana Cristina Garcia de Matos Manso1 1Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM); Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, Almada, Portugal; 2Division of Oral Diagnostics and Rehabilitation, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; 3Department of Dentistry, Ingá University Center, Uningá, Paraná, Brazil; 4Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, BrazilCorrespondence: Giancarlo De la Torre Canales, Tel +351 913025948, Email [email protected]: The literature on Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) incidence commonly reports sociodemographic factors such as gender and age. However, the role and prevalence of other sociodemographic factors in TMD are not well defined. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to report the prevalence of sociodemographic factors in TMD patients. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials in adult populations, using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD) or the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) and reporting sociodemographic data in TMD patients. Twenty-seven studies meeting the criteria were included in this review. The most commonly reported sociodemographic factors assessed in the included studies were age, race, education, job, income, and marital status. TMD prevalence was observed to be higher among younger and divorced individuals among the included studies. However, conflicting results were found for education level, and employment was not considered a risk factor for TMD. Although this review has methodological limitations, it suggests an association between TMD incidence and certain sociodemographic factors; nevertheless, further studies are needed to establish this relationship more conclusively.Keywords: temporomandibular joint disorders, sociodemographic factors, orofacial pai