Simultaneous fabrication of line defects-embedded periodic lattice by topographically assisted holographic lithography

We have demonstrated simultaneous fabrication of designed defects within a periodic structure. For rapid fabrication of periodic structures incorporating nanoscale line-defects at large area, topographically assisted holographic lithography (TAHL) technique, combining the strength of hologram lithography and phase-shift interference, was proposed. Hot-embossing method generated the photoresist patterns with vertical side walls which enabled phase-shift mask effect at the edge of patterns. Embossing temperature and relief height were crucial parameters for the successful TAHL process. Periodic holes with a diameter of 600 nm at a 1 μm-pitch incorporating 250 nm wide line-defects were obtained simultaneously

Prediction of Refrigerant Leakage for Discharge Valve System in A Rolling Piston Rotary Compressor

The flow coefficient of a discharge valve system with lift height was functionalized by experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) simulation to predict the mass flow rate through a discharge valve system in a rolling piston compressor with different compressor frequency and operating conditions. The flow coefficients of the discharge valve system were determined by both experiments and CFD simulation for specifically configured condition with varying discharge port diameter, valve lift height and valve shape to consider operating and geometric conditions. The experiment and CFD simulation were conducted under the incompressible flow and steady state. Ambient air was used as a working fluid. In order to verify the reliability of CFD simulation, the computational results were compared with those of experiment. The flow coefficient maps for each discharge valve system could be obtained from the computational results. The functional flow coefficient model was derived from the maps. It was applied to compressor performance simulation to calculate mass flow rate at the discharge valve system as a function of diameter of discharge port and lift height of the valve. Energy Efficiency Ratio(EER) obtained from the functional flow coefficient model with varying compressor frequency showed good agreement with experimental data. The Functionalization of flow coefficient may improve the precision of compressor performance simulation

Structural Design Of Ultra Large Ships Based On Direct Calculation Approach

The trend in modern sea transportation is building of ever larger ships, which require application of different direct calculation methodologies and numerical tools to achieve their reliable structural design. This is particularly emphasized in case of ultra large container ships (ULCS), but also other ship types like bulk carriers or large LNG ships belong to this category. In this context some classification societies have developed guidelines for performing direct calculations and for that purpose there are several hydro-structure tools available around the world, mainly relying on the same theoretical assumptions, but having incorporated different numerical procedures. Such tools are mostly based on the application of the 3D potential flow theoretical models coupled with the 3D FEM structural models. This paper illustrates application of general hydro-structure tool HOMER (BV) in the assessment of ship structural response in waves. An outline of the numerical procedure based on the modal approach is given together with basic software description. Application case is 19000 TEU ULCS built in South Korean shipyard Hyundai Heavy Industries. Extensive hydroelastic analyses of the ship are performed, and here some representative results for fatigue response with linear springing influence are listed

7-Bromo-1-(4-chloro­phenyl­sulfan­yl)-2-phenyl­naphtho[2,1-b]furan

In the title compound, C24H14BrClOS, the S-bound 4-chloro­phenyl ring is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the naphthofuran fragment [dihedral angle = 83.34 (3)°] and the phenyl ring in the 2-position is rotated out of the naphthofuran plane by a dihedral angle of 15.23 (5)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by aromatic π–π inter­actions between the furan and the central benzene rings of the neighbouring naphthofuran fragments, and between the outer benzene rings of the neighbouring naphthofuran fragments; the centroid–centroid distances within the stack are 3.879 (2) and 3.857 (2) Å. In addition, inter­molecular C—Cl⋯π inter­actions [3.505 (2) Å] between the Cl atom and the 2-phenyl ring are present

Remifentanil Prevents Withdrawal Movements Caused by Intravenous Injection of Rocuronium

PURPOSE: The incidence of pain induced withdrawal movement following intravenous injection of rocuronium is high. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of remifentanil on the withdrawal movements due to intravenous injection of rocuronium during anesthetic induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety adult female patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly allocated to three groups. Each patient intravenously received one of three solutions of equal volume (4 mL): normal saline (Group I, n=30), 0.5 microg/kg remifentanil (Group II, n=30) or 1 microg/kg remifentanil (Group III, n=30). Thirty seconds after remifentanil administration, anesthesia was induced with 5 mg/kg IV thiopental. Twenty seconds after thiopental injection, 0.6 mg/kg IV rocuronium was administered (injection rate of 0.5 mL/sec) and patients' withdrawal movements were assessed. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were assessed on arrival in the operation room, before the tracheal intubation and immediately, 1 and 2 min after the tracheal intubation. RESULTS: The incidence of withdrawal movements was significantly lower in both of the remifentanil groups (3 and 0% in Group II and III, respectively) than in the saline group (70%). Remifentanil attenuated the increase of heart rate and MAP immediately and 1 min after the tracheal intubation. CONCLUSION: The pretreatment with 0.5 and 1.0 microg/kg remifentanil of bolus doses prevented the withdrawal movements caused by rocuronium injection, and effectively blunted cardiovascular activation following tracheal intubationope