2,830 research outputs found
Gravely Disabled: The Vestigial Prong of 5150 Designations
Effective July 1, 1972, Californiaâs Lanterman-Petris-Short Act (âLPS Actâ) set the precedent for modern mental health commitment procedures in the U.S. named after its authors, State Assemblyman Frank Lanterman and State Senators Nicholas C. Petris and Alan Short, the LPS Act sought to âend the inappropriate, indefinite, and involuntary commitment of persons with mental health disorderâ; to âprovide prompt evaluation and treatment of persons with mental health disorders or impaired by chronic alcoholismâ; and to âguarantee and protect public safety.â Despite citing to these articles of intent, the LPS Act violates its own legislative intent through its inclusion of âgravely disabledâ in its enforcement of involuntary psychiatric hold designations (also known as â5150 designationsâ). First, police officers are not required to make a medical diagnosis of a mental health disorder at the time of a 5150 designation; the broad scope of âgravely disabledâ increases the number of persons police officers can involuntarily transport, increasing the likelihood of inappropriate and involuntary commitment of persons with mental health disorders. Second, the broad scope of âgravely disabledâ produces an onslaught of 5150-designated persons (whether improperly designated or not) being sent to LPS-designated hospitals with limited resources (e.g., lack of beds and psychiatric staff); this results in patients waiting for an inordinate amount of time for a psychiatric evaluation and/or a hospital bed. Third, it is unclear whether the LPS Act sought to provide protection for the mentally ill or to provide protection from the mentally ill in its guarantee of protecting âpublic safetyâ; the inclusion of âgravely disabledâ in 5150 designations indicates that the LPS Act provided the public with a duplicitous means of removing the mentally ill, impoverished, and houseless from the streets under the guise of âpublic safety.â This Paper suggests the following to help remedy the effects of implementing the broadly defined âgravely disabledâ in 5150 designations: (1) Remove âgravely disabledâ from the 5150 criteria; (2) integrate the community with mental health advocacy efforts by creating outreach and education programs; and (3) implement a client-centric approach to interacting with persons with mental health disorders through restorative policing and the establishment of a restorative court
Are spiral galaxies optically thin or thick?
The opacity of spiral galaxies is examined by modelling the dust and stellar
content of individual galaxies. The model is applied to five late-type spiral
galaxies (NGC 4013, IC 2531, UGC 1082, NGC 5529 and NGC 5907). Having analyzed
a total of seven galaxies thus far, the five galaxies mentioned above plus UGC
2048 and NGC 891 presented in (Xilouris et al. 1997, 1998), we are able to draw
some general conclusions, the most significant of which are: 1) The face-on
central optical depth is less than one in all optical bands indicating that
typical spiral galaxies like the ones that we have modelled would be completely
transparent if they were to be seen face-on. 2) The dust scaleheight is about
half that of the stars, which means that the dust is more concentrated near the
plane of the disk. 3) The dust scalelength is about 1.4 times larger than that
of the stars and the dust is more radially extended than the stars. 4) The dust
mass is found to be about an order of a magnitude more than previously measured
using the IRAS fluxes, indicating the existence of a cold dust component. The
gas-to-dust mass ratio calculated is close to the value derived for our Galaxy.
5) The derived extinction law matches quite well the Galactic extinction law,
indicating a universal dust behaviour.Comment: 13 pages. Accepted for publication in A&
CDM, Feedback and the Hubble Sequence
We have performed TreeSPH simulations of galaxy formation in a standard LCDM
cosmology, including effects of star formation, energetic stellar feedback
processes and a meta-galactic UV field, and obtain a mix of disk, lenticular
and elliptical galaxies. The disk galaxies are deficient in angular momentum by
only about a factor of two compared to observed disk galaxies. The stellar
disks have approximately exponential surface density profiles, and those of the
bulges range from exponential to r^{1/4}, as observed. The bulge-to-disk ratios
of the disk galaxies are consistent with observations and likewise are their
integrated B-V colours, which have been calculated using stellar population
synthesis techniques. Furthermore, we can match the observed I-band
Tully-Fisher (TF) relation, provided that the mass-to-light ratio of disk
galaxies, (M/L_I), is about 0.8. The ellipticals and lenticulars have
approximately r^{1/4} stellar surface density profiles, are dominated by
non-disklike kinematics and flattened due to non-isotropic stellar velocity
distributions, again consistent with observations.Comment: 6 pages, incl. 4 figs. To appear in the proceedings of the
EuroConference "The Evolution of Galaxies: II - Basic Building Blocks", Ile
de La Reunion (France), 16-21 October 2001 (Slightly updated version). A much
more comprehensive paper about this work with links to pictures of some of
the galaxies can be found at http://babbage.sissa.it/abs/astro-ph/020436
Demonstration of nanoimprinted hyperlens array for high-throughput sub-diffraction imaging
11124Nsciescopu
Optical observations of NEA 162173 (1999 JU3) during the 2011-2012 apparition
Near-Earth asteroid 162173 (1999 JU3) is a potential target of two asteroid
sample return missions, not only because of its accessibility but also because
of the first C-type asteroid for exploration missions. The lightcurve-related
physical properties of this object were investigated during the 2011-2012
apparition. We aim to confirm the physical parameters useful for JAXA's
Hayabusa 2 mission, such as rotational period, absolute magnitude, and phase
function. Our data complement previous studies that did not cover low phase
angles. With optical imagers and 1-2 m class telescopes, we acquired the
photometric data at different phase angles. We independently derived the
rotational lightcurve and the phase curve of the asteroid. We have analyzed the
lightcurve of 162173 (1999 JU3), and derived a synodic rotational period of
7.625 +/- 0.003 h, the axis ratio a/b = 1.12. The absolute magnitude H_R =
18.69 +/- 0.07 mag and the phase slope of G = -0.09 +/- 0.03 were also obtained
based on the observations made during the 2011-2012 apparition.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Multi-level Access in Searchable Symmetric Encryption
Remote storage delivers a cost effective solution for data storage. If data is of a sensitive nature, it should be encrypted prior to outsourcing to ensure confidentiality; however, searching then becomes challenging. Searchable encryption is a well-studied solution to this problem. Many schemes only consider the scenario where users can search over the entirety of the encrypted data.
In practice, sensitive data is likely to be classified according to an access control policy and different users should have different access rights.
It is unlikely that all users have unrestricted access to the entire data set.
Current schemes that consider multi-level access to searchable encryption are predominantly based on asymmetric primitives.
We investigate symmetric solutions to multi-level access in searchable encryption where users have different access privileges to portions of the encrypted data and are not permitted to search over, or learn information about, data for which they are not authorised
- âŠ