Quitting the Boss? The Role of Manager Influence Tactics and Employee Emotional Engagement in Voluntary Turnover

Employees commonly cite their managers’ behavior as the primary reason for quitting their jobs. We sought to extend turnover research by investigating whether two commonly used influence tactics by managers affect their employees’ voluntary turnover and whether employees’ emotional engagement and job satisfaction mediate this relationship. We tested our hypotheses using survey data collected at two time points from a sample of financial services directors and objective lagged turnover data. Using multilevel path modeling, we found that managers’ use of pressure and inspirational appeals had opposite effects on employee voluntary turnover and that employees’ emotional engagement was a significant and unique mediating mechanism even when job satisfaction, the traditional attitudinal predictor of turnover, was also included in the path model. Our findings contribute to turnover research by demonstrating a relationship between specific managerial behaviors and employee turnover and shed light on a key mediating mechanism that explains these effects

Observation of a Rotating Radiation Belt in LHD

A poloidally rotating radiation belt with helical structure was observed during the high density discharges with detachment by photodiode fan arrays and a fast camera in LHD. The peak of radiation rotates inside the last closed flux surface, and the direction and mode number of the poloidal rotation are electron diamagnetic and one, respectively. During the recombination phase after termination of the plasma heating, the rotation continues, and its rotating radius shrinks with shrinking of the plasma column. The poloidal rotating frequency depends on the heating power, and increases from the orders of several tens of Hz to several hundreds of Hz with shrinking of the rotation radius. The mechanism of the rotation remains uncertain

In situ calibration of the foil detector for an infrared imaging video bolometer using a carbon evaporation technique

The InfraRed imaging Video Bolometer (IRVB) is a useful diagnostic for the multi-dimensional measurement of plasma radiation profiles. For the application of IRVB measurement to the neutron environment in fusion plasma devices such as the Large Helical Device (LHD), in situ calibration of the thermal characteristics of the foil detector is required. Laser irradiation tests of sample foils show that the reproducibility and uniformity of the carbon coating for the foil were improved using a vacuum evaporation method. Also, the principle of the in situ calibration system was justified

Susceptibility of House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae to Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae)

The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinemema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabditis infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Ten strains of Steinemema infected maggots, of which 7 strains (4 S. carpocapsae (Weiser), 2 S.feltiae (Filipjev), and 1 S. scapterisci Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality. Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinemema strains successfully reproduced for ≥ 2 generations in maggots. No difference was observed between 72-h survival of maggots and adult emergence. Six strains of Steinemema were selected for 10 generations on maggots and then compared with unselected lines. No difference in pathogenicity between selected and unselected lines was observed. Two strains of S. feltiae, SN and UNK-36, and 2 of the best Heterorhabditis strains, H. bacteriophora Poinar OSWEGO and H. megidis Poinar, Jackson & Klein HF -85 were tested in a fresh bovine manure substrate. All 4 strains produced significant fly mortality in the manure substrate, although the S. feltiae strains had significantly lower LC50 values than did the Heterorhabditis spp. The most promising strain, S. feltiae SN, gave LC50 and LC99 values of 4 and 82 infective juveniles per maggot, respectively. These doses were equivalent to 2.7 and 55 infective juveniles per gram of manure and 5.1 and 104 infective juveniles per square centimeter of surface area. Infective juveniles capable of infecting greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (L.), survived in manure for up to 10 wk without hosts

Improvement of infrared imaging video bolometer for application to deuterium experiment on the large helical device

An infrared imaging video bolometer was improved for application to a neutron environment in fusion plasma devices, i.e., the Large Helical Device (LHD). In order to calibrate the thermal characteristics of the activated foil absorber inside the plasma vacuum vessel, the remote-controlled in situ calibration system was improved with high-surface-flatness mirrors. Furthermore, the carbon coating method was improved by introducing a vacuum evaporation technique instead of the conventional spray technique to realize the coating on both sides of the absorber with reproducibility and uniformity. The optimal thickness of the coating was also determined. Owing to these coating improvements, the reproducibility of the effective emissivity on both sides especially was improved. Finally, the variation with the neutron irradiation of the thermal characteristics of the foil absorber was investigated. It was found that the effect was not significant for the total neutron emission of 3.6 × 1018 on LHD

Neutron Shielding Design of Infrared Imaging Video Bolometer for LHD Deuterium Experiment

InfraRed imaging video bolometer (IRVB) is a powerful diagnostic for the plasma radiation measurement. Study on plasma radiation phenomena, e.g., plasma detachment, is one of the crucial issues to realize a fusion reactor. In order to apply the IRVB to such a study, a shielding is required to protect an IR camera from neutron irradiation. In the large helical device (LHD), deuterium experiment has started in 2017. Then, the shielding was designed using MCNP6 code with the 3-D modeling of LHD. The guideline of the neutron flux for the design was determined by the operational experience in JT-60U tokamak and by the result of the irradiation in OKTAVIAN. The strong neutron flux due to the location close to the vacuum vessel and the influx through the lens hole were reduced sufficiently. The designed shielding was applied to the LHD deuterium experiments and the IRVB with the shielding could be operated successfully without any dead pixels in the neutron emission rate up to 3.3×10 15 n·s -1 , which is the maximum rate in the first experimental campaign and in the total neutron emission of 3.6×10 18 n. These correspond to the neutron emission rate of 2.9×10 7 n·s -1 and the total neutron emission of 3.2 × 10 10 n at around the IR camera

Development of imaging bolometers for magnetic fusion reactors (invited)

Imaging bolometers utilize an infrared (IR) video camera to measure the change in temperature of a thin foil exposed to the plasma radiation, thereby avoiding the risks of conventional resistive bolometers related to electric cabling and vacuum feedthroughs in a reactor environment. A prototype of the IR imaging video bolometer (IRVB) has been installed and operated on the JT-60U tokamak demonstrating its applicability to a reactor environment and its ability to provide two-dimensional measurements of the radiation emissivity in a poloidal cross section. In this paper we review this development and present the first results of an upgraded version of this IRVB on JT-60U. This upgrade utilizes a state-of-the-art IR camera (FLIR/Indigo Phoenix-InSb) (3?5?μm, 256×360?pixels, 345 Hz, 11 mK) mounted in a neutron/gamma/magnetic shield behind a 3.6 m IR periscope consisting of CaF2 optics and an aluminum mirror. The IRVB foil is 7?cm×9?cm×5?μm tantalum. A noise equivalent power density of 300 ?μW/cm2 is achieved with 40×24 channels and a time response of 10 ms or 23?μW/cm2 for 16×12 channels and a time response of 33 ms, which is 30 times better than the previous version of the IRVB on JT-60U

Consideration of signal to noise ratio for an imaging bolometer for ITER

An infrared imaging video bolometer (IRVB) is proposed for ITER having a tangential view of the entire ITER cross section. For the initial estimate of the signal level, a 840 m3 plasma is assumed to uniformly radiate 67.3 MW. A more detailed estimate of the signal strength is provided by synthetic images based on radiation data from SOLPS and SANCO models for the edge and core plasma, respectively. The Pt foil used as the radiation absorber would have the dimensions of 7 × 9 cm2 and a thickness of 16 μm that will stop 95% of the radiated power. Two different InSb based IR cameras having a sensitivity of 15 mK are considered for measuring the temperature rise of the foil due to the radiation. The first has 1280 × 1024 pixel2 and a frame rate of 105 fps. The second has 640 × 512 pixel2 and a frame rate of 1000 fps. The resulting IRVBs have 40 × 30 pixel2, 10 ms time resolution, and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 17 and 20 × 15 pixel2, 3 ms time resolution, and a SNR of 35, respectively. The synthetic image data give SNRs of 30 and 59, respectively

Development of a weighted sum estimate of the total radiated power from large helical device plasma

Diagnosing the amount of radiated power is an important research goal for fusion devices. This research aims at better understanding and diagnosing the radiated power from the Large Helical Device (LHD). The current radiated power estimate in the LHD is based on one wide-angle resistive bolometer. Because the estimate stems from one bolometer location toroidally and has a wide-angle poloidal view, this estimate does not take into account toroidal and poloidal radiation asymmetries that are observed in the LHD in discharges with gas puffing. This research develops a method based on the EMC3-Eirene model to calculate the set of coefficients for a weighted-sum method of estimating the radiated power. This study calculates these coefficients by using a least-squares method to solve for a coefficient set, using a variety of simulated cases generated by the EMC3-Eirene model, combined with corresponding geometric radiated power density considerations. If this set of coefficients is multiplied by the detector signal of each bolometer and summed up, this gives a total radiated power estimate. This new estimate takes into account toroidal and poloidal asymmetries by using the bolometer channels viewing different toroidal and poloidal locations, thereby reducing the estimation error and providing information about toroidal asymmetries