Use of physician‐recommended non‐pharmacological strategies for hypertension control among hypertensive patients

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142948/1/jch13203_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142948/2/jch13203.pd

The Role of Canids in Ritual and Domestic Contexts: New Ancient DNA Insights from Complex Hunter-Gatherer Sites in Prehistoric Central California

This study explores the interrelationship between the genus Canis and hunter–gatherers through a case study of prehistoric Native Americans in the San Francisco Bay-Sacramento Delta area. A distinctive aspect of the region\u27s prehistoric record is the interment of canids, variously classified as coyotes, dogs, and wolves. Since these species are difficult to distinguish based solely on morphology, ancient DNA analysis was employed to distinguish species. The DNA study results, the first on canids from archaeological sites in California, are entirely represented by domesticated dogs (including both interments and disarticulated samples from midden deposits). These results, buttressed by stable isotope analyses, provide new insight into the complex interrelationship between humans and canids in both ritual and prosaic contexts, and reveal a more prominent role for dogs than previously envisioned

Ex vivo promoter analysis of antiviral heat shock cognate 70B gene in Anopheles gambiae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>heat shock cognate gene (<it>hsc70B</it>) encodes a constitutively expressed protein in the <it>hsp70 </it>family and it functions as a molecular chaperone for protein folding. However, the expression of <it>hsc70B </it>can be further induced by certain stimuli such as heat shock and infection. We previously demonstrated that the <it>An. gambiae hsc70B </it>is induced during o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) infection and subsequently suppresses ONNV replication in the mosquito. To further characterize the inducibility of <it>hsc70B </it>by ONNV infection in <it>An. gambiae</it>, we cloned a 2.6-kb region immediately 5' upstream of the starting codon of <it>hsc70B </it>into a luciferase reporter vector (pGL3-Basic), and studied its promoter activity in transfected Vero cells during infection with o'nyong-nyong, West Nile and La Crosse viruses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Serial deletion analysis of the <it>hsc70B </it>upstream sequence revealed that the putative promoter is likely located in a region 1615–2150 bp upstream of the <it>hsc70B </it>starting codon. Sequence analysis of this region revealed transcriptional regulatory elements for heat shock element-binding protein (HSE-bind), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), dorsal (Dl) and fushi-tarazu (Ftz). Arbovirus infection, regardless of virus type, significantly increased the <it>hsc70B </it>promoter activity in transfected Vero cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results further validate the transcriptional activation of <it>hsc70B </it>during arbovirus infection and support the role of specific putative regulatory elements. Induction by three taxonomically distinct arboviruses suggests that the HSC70B protein may be expressed to cope with cellular stress imposed during infection.</p