129 research outputs found
Wider benefits of education: skills, higher education and civic engagement
In this paper we do the following: First we describe the remit and programme of the University of Londonâs Wider Benefits of Learning Research Centre, which studies the noneconomic effects of learning, at individual but also collective level. We set out a theoretical framework for our programme, organised around three âcapitalsâ: human capital, social capital, and identity capital. After that we report results drawn from two large-scale longitudinal datasets. We use the data collected in the 1958 cohort study at ages 33 and 42 to assess the wider benefits of participating in any form of education over the period 33 to 42. This focusses on four clusters of outcomes: health; wellbeing; social attitudes; and political involvement. Additionally, we trace a variety of relationships, and discuss the issues involved in establishing causality. Our conclusion is that education is not so much an option for government but an absolute pre-requisite for the promotion of personal well-being and a cohesive society. (DIPF/Orig.)Zu Beginn wird das Wider Benefits of Learning Research Centre der UniversitĂ€t London vorgestellt, das sich mit den nicht-ökonomischen Effekten des Lernens und der Bildung auf individueller und kollektiver Ebene beschĂ€ftigt. Nach einer ErlĂ€uterung des theoretischen Rahmens der Studien, der auf den drei Konzepten Humankapital, Soziales Kapital und IdentitĂ€tskapital beruht, werden die Ergebnisse zweier britischer Longitudinalstudien (Beginn: 1958 bzw. 1970) vorgestellt. Insbesondere werden die Folgen der Teilhabe an Bildung in den Bereichen Gesundheit, Wohlbefinden, soziale Einstellungen und politisches Involvement differenziert aufgezeigt. Die Schlussfolgerung lautet: Regierungen sollten wissen, dass Bildung nicht einfach eine Möglichkeit, sondern eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung fĂŒr die Förderung von persönlichem Wohlbefinden und einer kohĂ€siven Gesellschaft ist. (DIPF/Orig.
Youth transitions and changing labour markets: Germany and England in the late 1980s
"Dieser Artikel beschreibt die UrsprĂŒnge und die Ergebnisse einer Studie zum Ăbergang ins Berufsleben von Jugendlichen aus England und Deutschland in den spĂ€ten 1980er Jahren, einer Zeit des dramatischen sozialen, ökonomischen und politischen Wandels. Das neuartige Design der Studie umfasste die Sammlung von quantitativen und qualitativen Daten von jungen MĂ€nnern und Frauen, die sich auf den gleichen 'Karrierepfaden' in zwei vergleichbaren ArbeitsmĂ€rkten in England und zwei in Deutschland befanden. Dadurch lieĂen sich feststellen, wie die berufliche Ausbildung in den zwei LĂ€ndern durch junge Leute wahrgenommen wurde und wie die beruflichen Ausbildungssysteme an den sozialen Wandel angepasst wurden. Das deutsche Lehrstellensystem mit seinen kulturellen Wurzeln im Mittelalter sollte eine Reihe von bĂŒrgerschaftlichen Eigenschaften vermitteln, von denen eine berufliche IdentitĂ€t die wichtigste war. Im Gegensatz dazu war das englische System ausschlieĂlich darauf ausgerichtet, junge Menschen mit den Fertigkeiten auszustatten, die es ihnen ermöglichten, eine BeschĂ€ftigung aufzunehmen und aufrechtzuerhalten. WĂ€hrend des Ăbergangsprozesses selbst war die IdentitĂ€t der deutschen Auszubildenden nĂ€her an der eines SchĂŒlers wĂ€hrend bei den englischen Auszubildenden die IdentitĂ€t des Arbeiters dominant war. In Zeiten eine massiven ökonomischen (und in Deutschland auch politischen) Wandels lernten beide LĂ€nder voneinander wie sich ihre Systeme verĂ€ndern lassen um den BedĂŒrfnissen der jungen Leute Rechnung zu tragen, wobei die Ergebnisse durchwachsen waren. Die sich daraus ergebenden Herausforderungen an die Politik werden diskutiert." (Autorenreferat)"The paper describes the origins and discusses the results of a study of youth transitions to work in England and Germany in the late 1980s, at a time of dramatic social, economic and political change. The novel design involving quantitative and qualitative data collection from young men and young women on the same 'career trajectories' in two comparable labor markets in England and two in Germany, generated insights into the way vocational training systems in the two countries were being experienced by young people and how the vocational training systems were adapting to change. The German system for managing the transition through apprenticeship with cultural roots going back the Middle Ages was directed at instilling a broad range of civic attributes of which occupational identity was the central part. In contrast the English system was focused exclusively on equipping young people with the skills that would enable them to gain and retain employment. During the transition process itself the identity of German trainees was closer to that of student compared with trainees in England where that of worker was dominant. At times of massive economic (and in Germany, political) upheaval, both countries learned from each other in attempting to adapt their systems to meet young people's needs with mixed results. The policy challenges raised by the findings are discussed." (author's abstract
Influences on Adult Basic Skills
The factors influencing development of basic skills from birth to age 37 were examined by analyzing a sample of 1,700 people who were part of the National Child Development Study (NCDS), a longitudinal study in which data on more than 17,000 people who were born in Great Britain in a single week in 1958 were collected when they were 7, 11, 16, 23, 33, and 37 years old. Data from the study were subjected to multiple regression analysis to determine the extent of the impact of family and home circumstances, education and early schooling, transition from school to work, and adult working life on adults' acquisition of basic skills. Early cognitive performance variables proved the most dominant predictors of later reading and math skills in both childhood and adulthood. Cognitive attainments in schooling mediated much of the influence of family disadvantage, parental support, and schooling. (Thirty-four figures/tables are included. Appended are the following: information about scoring of the adult literacy and numeracy assessments; tests of attainment administered to the NCDS cohort at ages 7, 11, and 16; the Rutter Scale; regression analysis results; and predictors of early cognitive skills. Contains 12 references.) (MN
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