Uses of Clinical Sociology in Crisis Intervention Practice

Crisis intervention is a practice-oriented set of procedures designed to offer someone experiencing incapacitating stress emotional first-aid. Concepts and ideas found in the sociological tradition are quite applicable to crisis intervention practice. What has been offered are alternatives to the traditional psychological and psychiatric positions. There are similar characteristics between crisis intervention and clinical sociology as change strategies. Particularly, the ideas found under the sociological social psychology purview serve well when practicing crisis intervention. The interpretation of crisis events is a social act in that the individual experiencing the crisis is influenced through social circumstances. Social circumstances play a vital role in crisis formation and intervention. Intervention strategies are offered which integrate aspects of clinical sociology while using a case study for application. The crisis intervention steps include crisis assessment, information gathering, control, direction, progress assessment, and referral. Through these procedures, the intervener may work with the client toward the goal of socioemotional stabilit

Amish Victimization and Offending: A Rural Subculture\u27s Experiences and Responses to Crime and Justice

This article addresses several areas as applied to the rural subculture of the Amish. First, the Old Order Amish will be introduced to the reader. Distinctions will be made between the Old Order Amish and other, cousin, groups. Second, discussion will center on the victimization of Old Order Amish. Several illustrations will be offered along with theories that attempt to explain these phenomena. Third, attention will be given to offending and deviant behavior among the Old Order Amish. Particular focus is placed on Amish youth. Fourth, discussion will turn to the restorative justice model as an effective manner of dealing with criminal justice matters and the Old Order Amish in rural settlements. This model, it will be argued, is ideal for the Old Order Amish based on several subcultural factors. Fifth, and finally, the author will provide some potentially fruitful directions for future research on Old Order Amish social and justice issues

An analysis of double exposure lithography options

The current optical photolithography technology is approaching the physical barrier to the minimum achievable feature size. To produce smaller devices, new resolution enhancement technologies must be developed. Double exposure lithography has shown promise as potential pathway that is attractive because it is much cheaper than double patterning lithography and it can be deployed on existing imaging tools. However, this technology is not possible without the development of new materials with nonlinear response to exposure dose. The performance of existing materials such as reversible contrast enhancement layers (rCELs) and theoretical materials such as intermediate state two-photon (ISTP) and optical threshold layer (OTL) materials in double exposure applications was investigated through computer simulation. All three materials yielded process windows in double exposure mode. OTL materials showed the largest process window (DOF 0.137 µm, EL 5.06 %). ISTP materials had the next largest process window (DOF 0.124 µm, EL 3.22 %) followed by the rCEL (0.105 µm, 0.58 %). This study is an analysis of the feasibility of using the materials in double exposure mode

Development of an operational high refractive index resist for 193nm immersion lithography

Generation-three (Gen-3) immersion lithography offers the promise of enabling the 32nm half-pitch node. For Gen-3 lithography to be successful, however, there must be major breakthroughs in materials development: The hope of obtaining numerical aperture imaging 1.70 is dependent on a high index lens, fluid, and resist. Assuming that a fluid and a lens will be identified, this paper focuses on a possible path to a high index resist. Simulations have shown that the index of the resist should be 1.9 with any index higher than 1.9 leading to an increased process latitude. Creation of a high index resist from conventional chemistry has been shown to be unrealistic. The answer may be to introduce a high index, polarizable material into a resist that is inert relative to the polymer behavior, but will this too degrade the performance of the overall system? The specific approach is to add very high index (~2.9) nanoparticles to an existing resist system. These nanoparticles have a low absorbance; consequently the imaging of conventional 193nm resists does not degrade. Further, the nanoparticles are on the order of 3nm in diameter, thus minimizing any impact on line edge roughness (LER)

Bleeding and thrombotic complications associated with anticoagulation prior to lung transplantation: A case series

Background: Scarce data is available on therapeutic anticoagulation (AC) in patients undergoing pulmonary transplantation. We describe our institutional experience with AC-induced coagulopathy in recipients at the time of transplantation and evaluate its impact on posttransplant outcomes. Methods: Records of adult patients on therapeutic AC at the time of lung transplantation from January 2014 to July 2021 were reviewed. Administration of preoperative pharmacologic reversal was assessed, with adequate reversal defined as international normalized ratio (INR) ≤1.5. We evaluated the incidence of major bleeding complications [delayed sternal closure, reoperation due to bleeding, chest tube output ≥1,500 cc, ≥4 units of packed red blood cells, ≥4 units of platelets, or ≥5 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP)], major thrombotic complications [venous thromboembolism (VTE) or other major thrombosis on imaging], and inpatient mortality. Results: Of 602 lung transplant recipients, 10 patients taking preoperative warfarin were included in the study. While most patients received pharmacologic reversal preoperatively (n=9, 90%), successful reversal was rarely achieved (n=3, 30%). Inadequate INR reversal was associated with major bleeding events (n=6, 60%). Major thrombotic complications were more frequent (n=7, 70%) than bleeding events. Notably, all fatalities within the cohort (n=2, 20%) were associated with thrombotic, but not bleeding, complications. Conclusions: This is the first known report on the incidence and impact of AC-induced coagulopathy in patients undergoing lung transplantation. Major thrombotic events are frequent and associated with high mortality. Routine surveillance and treatment may be warranted

Development and Evaluation of a 193nm Immersion Generation-Three Fluid Candidates

The need to extend 193nm immersion lithography necessitates the development of a third generation (Gen-3) of high refractive index (RI) fluids that will enable approximately 1.7 numerical aperture (NA) imaging. A multi-pronged approach was taken to develop these materials. One approach investigated the highest-index organic thus far discovered. The second approach used a very high refractive index nanoparticle to make a nanocomposite fluid. This report will describe the chemistry of the best Gen-3 fluid candidates and the systematic approach to their identification and synthesis. Images obtained with the Gen-3 fluid candidates will also be presented for a NA ≥ 1.7

Development and Evaluation of a 193nm Immersion Generation-Three Fluid Candidates

The need to extend 193nm immersion lithography necessitates the development of a third generation (Gen-3) of high refractive index (RI) fluids that will enable approximately 1.7 numerical aperture (NA) imaging. A multi-pronged approach was taken to develop these materials. One approach investigated the highest-index organic thus far discovered. The second approach used a very high refractive index nanoparticle to make a nanocomposite fluid. This report will describe the chemistry of the best Gen-3 fluid candidates and the systematic approach to their identification and synthesis. Images obtained with the Gen-3 fluid candidates will also be presented for a NA ≥ 1.7

Utilizing computed tomography volumetry for size matching prior to lung transplantation: A case series

BACKGROUND: Appropriate size matching between donor and recipient is critical for successful pulmonary transplantation. Although surrogate measurements such as height and gender are often utilized to approximate predicted lung volume, these methods provide only a gross estimation with wide variability and poor predictive value. CASE DESCRIPTION: A single center exploratory study was conducted in which four patients underwent lung transplantation (LT) with pre-operative computed tomography (CT) volumetry obtained in both the donor and recipient to facilitate decision making regarding organ size and suitability. In four cases in which CT volumetry was used, the lung volumes calculated using surrogate measurements significantly overestimated both donor and recipient lung volumes quantified by CT volumetric analysis. All recipients underwent successful LT without necessary graft downsizing. CONCLUSIONS: This is an initial report of prospectively utilizing CT volumetry as an adjunct to decision-making regarding suitability of donor lungs. In these cases, CT volumetry facilitated the confident acceptance of donor lungs that were initially predicted to be oversized based on other clinical measures