2021 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

peer reviewedIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and mended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, yriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and ammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/ or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV. © 2020, This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply

Clonal propagation of disease-free rootstocks for sour and sweet cherry by meristem culture

Four different rootstocks were cultured, namely Primus mahaleb L, Gi-Sel Al (P.fruticosa Pall.X P. avium L.), Damil (P. dawyckensis Sealy) and Tabel (Edabriz). Plants were inspected for symptoms from mid-April through mid-May. Leaf samples from Prunus mahaleb and Gi-Sel Al were collected in the middle of May for ELISA and sap transmission tests. Damil and Tabel were not tested because they had already been certified. Meristems from both axillary and terminal buds were cultured in spring (May), summer (July-August) and autumn (September- October). ELISA and sap transmission tests did not give specific reactions for the viruses. P. mahaleb and Gi-Sel Al were classed as healthy rootstocks. Spring was the best time for culturing meristems. 92 % of meristems of P. mahaleb survived, while Gi-Sel Al explants did not proliferate and showed vitrification and callus induction after the second and third subcultures. Explants of Damil did not even proliferate and most were dead 2-3 weeks after the establishment of culture. In summer, survival of meristems of all plants was considerably less whereas bacterial contamination was very high, ranging from 17 %- 84 %. Meristems of all plants showed the lowest survival in autumn. In general, plants were subcultured every 3 or 4 weeks. During the rooting phase, only P. mahaleb plants were successfully rooted in culture media having 0.5-1.0 mg/1 IBA. 50 % of the explants showed good rooting capacity in 0.5 mg/1 IBA, 75-85 % of them with 1.0 mg/1 IBA. Roots were vigorous in both cases

Detection of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus in the vineyards of Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Mediterranean in Turkey

In this study, it was aimed to survey the vineyards for the presence of the Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV) in the Southeastern Anatolia (Gaziantep, Adıyaman and Kilis) and Eastern Mediterranean Region (Kahramanmaraş, Hatay, Adana and Mersin) with a newly designed primer pair. A total of 381 samples from 96 vineyards were collected and analysed by RT-PCR technique. Of the 381 samples collected, 40 were found to be infected with GRSPaV. The prevalence rates of GRSPaV were respectively calculated as follows: Kahramanmaras (4.46%), Kilis (2.36%), Adıyaman (1.58%), Gaziantep (1.31%), Adana (0.53%), Mersin (0.26%) and Hatay (0%). As a result, it has been determined that the virus has a significant prevalence in Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Mediterranean Region

First Report of the Occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-5 in Turkish Vineyards

Surveys were made in the main grape growing region (Southeast Anatolia) of Turkey for the occurrence of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-5 (GLRaV-5). Plant samples with typical leafroll symptoms and mealybugs, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) were used for assessing the occurrence of GLRaV-5 by RT-PCR. A 272 bp band representing GLRaV-5 infection was successfully detected in plants and mealybugs in some vineyards of the Southeast Anatolia region and the virus is the first time reported in Turkish vineyards. © 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH

Regeneration and histological analysis of regeneration in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) stand.) [Su Kabaginda (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand.) rejenerasyon ve rejenerasyonun histolojik analizi]

Two different types of explant (proximal and flamingo-bill) from Emphasis seedlings, a hybrid cultivar of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand.), germinated under dark and light conditions were cultured on 9 regeneration MS media containing various combinations of BA (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg l-1) and IAA (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mg l-1). Comparison of the explant types showed that the flamingo-bill type explant had better shoot formation than did the proximal explant. The MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 of BA was optimal for shoot formation capacity when flamingo-bill type explants germinated in the dark (44%) and light (36%) were used. Histological analysis showed that explant cell division began after 3 days in regeneration medium and formation of primordium was observed in the tissues in culture between days 5 and 7. Differentiation of meristimatic structures was first observed after 9 days and development completed after 9-12 days in the culture. © TÜBİTAK

Investigating the presence of mealybug species as vectors for viruses in grape-growing areas in Turkey

Vineyards in Turkey were surveyed from July-August of 2006-2007 for the presence of mealybug infestation and the viral agents of leafroll and rugose wood diseases, namely vitiviruses and ampeloviruses, respectively. Plant and insect samples in the main grape-growing regions were collected and processed for nucleic acid isolation. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the insect-transmitted Grapevine virus A (GVA) and B (GVB) (Vitivirus) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1) and 3 (GLRaV-3) (Ampelovirus). All viruses except GVB were detected in the samples. Planococcus ficus (Signoret) is the only mealybug species found to be widespread in the sampled areas. This is the first epidemiological study of these viruses and their potential vector in Turkey. © 2012 The Canadian Phytopathological Society.Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley TOVAG 106 O 1211Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kahramanmaras¸ Sütçü İmam, 46100 Kahramanmaras¸, Turkey 2Pistachio Research Institute, Gaziantep, Turkey 3Southeast Anatolia Agricultural Research Institute, Diyarbakır, Turkey 4Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey 5Istituto di Virologia Vegetale del CNR, BARI, Italy 6Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, IsraelThis research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Project no: TOVAG 106 O 121)

Evaluation of the status of capsicum viruses in the main growing regions of Turkey

The incidence, severity and distribution of six viruses infecting capsicum were determined in the main growing areas of Turkey during the 2004 growing season. The surveys covered 50 randomly selected capsicum fields from four different areas in south-east Anatolia and the eastern Mediterranean region. 515 samples were individually collected and tested by DAS-ELISA for Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV), Potato X potexvirus (PVX), Potato Y potyvirus (PVY), Pepper mild mottle tobamovirus (PMMoV) and Tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV). 64.8% of ELISA-tested capsicum samples (334 out of 515) were infected by one (41.7%) or more (23.1%) viruses. PVY was the most widespread (26.4%), followed by PVX (25.8%), AMV (25.2%), TEV (23%), PMMoV (9.1%) and CMV (8.3%). Surprisingly high AMV infection was found in three areas (Kahramanmaraş, Şanliurfa and Gaziantep) where AMV is reported for the first time in this study. However, AMV was not detected in Hatay. PMMoV is another new virus, in all the tested areas. © 2006 OEPP/EPPO