A short history of bladder exstrophy

The first description of bladder exstrophy was noted on Assyrian tablets nearly 4000 years ago. Since then various papers has been published with an increasing rate. According to the available historical data, almost all operative techniques had been described during the last two centuries. We believe, the pioneers put a lot of work in this field and passed on their theoretic knowledge and surgical experience to the current era. Our duty is keep this treasure and add the benefits of recent new technological developments for the future care of our bladder exstrophy patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Transition to adulthood with a bladder augmentation: histopathologic concerns

ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the histopathologic changes in native bladder and gastrointestinal segment, the relation between histopathologic changes, type of operation and the period passed over operation in patients with bladder augmentation. Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Histopathologic evaluation of the cystoscopic mucosal biopsies from native bladder and enteric augment was performed in all patients. Results: Active or chronic non-specific inflammation of various degrees was found in all specimens except two. Metaplastic changes were detected in 3 patients. Two patients had squamous metaplasia (one focal, one extensive) and one patient had intestinal metaplasia. All metaplastic changes were found in native bladder specimens. The type of augmentation in patients with metaplastic changes were ileocystoplasty and sigmoidocystoplasty. No signs of malignancy were detected in any patient. Conclusion: The complexity of the disorders requiring bladder augmentation does not let the surgeons to draw a clear line between different groups of complications including malignancy formation. However, due to challenging course of the augmentation procedure itself, surgeons should be well aware of the possibility of malignancy development

Results of a Two-stage Technique for Treatment of Proximal Hypospadias with Severe Curvature: Creation of a Urethral Plate Using a Vascularized Preputial Island Flap

Purpose: To present the results of a two-stage technique used for the treatment of proximal hypospadias with severe curvature

Transition to adulthood with a bladder augmentation: histopathologic concerns

<div><p>ABSTRACT Aim: To investigate the histopathologic changes in native bladder and gastrointestinal segment, the relation between histopathologic changes, type of operation and the period passed over operation in patients with bladder augmentation. Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Histopathologic evaluation of the cystoscopic mucosal biopsies from native bladder and enteric augment was performed in all patients. Results: Active or chronic non-specific inflammation of various degrees was found in all specimens except two. Metaplastic changes were detected in 3 patients. Two patients had squamous metaplasia (one focal, one extensive) and one patient had intestinal metaplasia. All metaplastic changes were found in native bladder specimens. The type of augmentation in patients with metaplastic changes were ileocystoplasty and sigmoidocystoplasty. No signs of malignancy were detected in any patient. Conclusion: The complexity of the disorders requiring bladder augmentation does not let the surgeons to draw a clear line between different groups of complications including malignancy formation. However, due to challenging course of the augmentation procedure itself, surgeons should be well aware of the possibility of malignancy development.</p></div