State-related electroencephalographic deviances in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Objective: This study aimed to provide more insight into the functional significance of electroencephalographic (EEG) deviances in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by evaluating quantitative EEG during performance on a task with a low activation level and a task tapping top-down executive control. Method: Behavioral performance and EEG activity were compared between 24 adults with ADHD and 20 typically developing adults during a simple slow-paced 2-choice reaction time (2-CRT) task and a moderately paced flanker task. Results: During the slow 2-CRT task, adults with ADHD responded slower, more variably, and tended to make more errors of commission. Although being slower, adults with ADHD showed equally large congruency effects during flanker task performance, indicating intact interference inhibition. In the slow 2-CRT task, (midline) theta and beta power were higher in the ADHD group than in the control group, whereas no significant EEG group differences were observed in the flanker task. A moderate positive correlation between theta power and errors of commission was found in the 2-CRT task for adults with ADHD. Conclusions: Adults with ADHD performed worse on a task inducing a low activation level but showed intact interference inhibition. The EEG findings are in accord with this, showing an abnormal EEG pattern in ADHD only when a low activation level was induced, not when top-down executive control load was high. Time-on-task effects could not explain the group deviances. The findings indicate that EEG deviances in ADHD are task-dependent and may be related to a suboptimal energetic state, rather than impaired top-down executive control

New combinations in Lactifluus, 1 : L. subgenera Edules, Lactariopsis, and Russulopsis

In this first of a series of three papers, new combinations in the genus Lactifluus are proposed. This paper treats the subgenera Edules, Lactariopsis, and Russulopsis (all proposed here as new combinations in Lactifluus). In Lactifluus subg. Edules, eight combinations at species level are proposed. In Lactifluus subg. Lactariopsis, the following three new combinations are proposed at sectional level: Lactifluus sect. Lactariopsis with seven newly combined species, L. sect. Chamaeleontini with eight newly combined species, and L. sect. Albati with four newly combined species plus two species previously combined in Lactifluus. Finally, in L. subg. Russulopsis, eight new combinations at species level are proposed

Revisiting the morphology and phylogeny of Lactifluus with three new lineages from southern China

As a recent group mainly defined by molecular data the genus Lactifluus is in need of further study to provide insight into the morphological and molecular variation within the genus, species limits and relationships. Phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1 and D2 domains of nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and part of the second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (rpb2) (6-7 region) sequences of 28 samples from southern China revealed three new lineages of Lactifluus. Two of them are nested in a major clade that includes the type of Lactifluus and here is treated as two new sections: L. sect. Ambicystidiati and L. sect. Tenuicystidiati. Lactifluus ambicystidiatus, described here as a new species (= sect. Ambicystidiati), has both lamprocystidia and macrocystidia in the hymenium, a unique combination of features within Russulaceae. Furthermore, only remnants of lactiferous hyphae are present in L. ambicystidiatus and our results suggest that the ability to form a lactiferous system has been lost in this lineage. Lactifluus sect. Tenuicystidiati forms a strongly supported monophyletic group as a sister lineage to L. sect. Lactifluus. We recognize it based on the thin-walled macrocystidia and smaller ellipsoid spores with an incomplete reticulum compared with L. sect. Lactifluus. The former placement of L. tenuicystidiatus in the African L. sect. Pseudogymnocarpi is not supported. Using genealogical concordance we recognize five phylogenetic species within L. sect. Tenuicystidiati and describe two of these as new, L. subpruinosus and L. tropicosinicus. The third lineage, represented by L. leoninus, forms a sister group to L. subg. Lactariopsis sensu stricto. The three lineages provide further evidence for morphological features in Lactifluus being homoplasious. Some sections and species complexes are likely to be composed of more species and merit further investigations. Subtropical-tropical Asia is likely a key region for additional sampling

The Bank's use of technical assistance for institutional development

Technical assistance (TA), including project-related training, is the principal instrument the Bank uses to promote institutional development (ID). This paper reviews trends in ID-related TA for FY1982-88 and examines why there is little evidence of improvement in its use, despite the recommendations in many past studies and reviews. It identifies the minimum requirements for successful ID-related TA, and gauges whether the Bank is equipped to take on the challenge of improving it, or whether it should consider other ways to promote ID.Country Strategy&Performance,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research,ICT Policy and Strategies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation

A History of Prince George and the Challenges Facing Public Entities Owning Unique Properties

I grew up going to Pawleys Island with my family and friends and have always been interested in the area. Hurricane Hugo destroyed many homes on the island in 1989, but most owners rebuilt larger and more modern homes because they loved the area and the land. In June 2015, I began working at the University of South Carolina Foundations office. I learned that the USC Development Foundation purchased the Prince George tract in 1994 and that there was a long and interesting story as to why the tract remained undeveloped and preserved while the vast majority of the oceanfront of Georgetown and Horry Counties were being densely developed. Hearing tidbits of what had happened piqued my interest and for this reason, I decided to delve into the history of the land and discover the different views between developers and preservationists

A preliminary checklist of fungi at the Boston Harbor Islands

Between December 2012 and May 2017, we conducted a fungal inventory at the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (BHI) in Massachusetts. We extensively sampled 4 sites (Grape Island, Peddocks Island, Thompson Island, and World's End peninsula) and occasionally visited 4 others for sampling (Calf Island, Great Brewster Island, Slate Island, and Webb Memorial State Park). We made over 900 collections, of which 313 have been identified. The survey yielded 172 species in 123 genera, 62 families, 24 orders, 11 classes, and 2 phyla. We report 4 species as new, but not formally described, in the genera Orbilia, Resupinatus, and Xylaria. Another collection in the genus Lactarius may be new to science, but further morphological and molecular work is needed to confirm this conclusion. Additionally, Orbilia aprilis is a new report for North America, Proliferodiscus earoleucus represents only the second report for the US, and Chrysosporium sulfureum, a common fungus of some cheeses, was discovered on woodlice (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Isopoda: Oniscidea). We discuss our findings in the light of DNA-based identifications using the ITS ribosomal DNA region, including the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, and stress the need for biodiversity studies in urbanized areas during all seasons

Conjugate addition of 2-(bromomethyl)- and 2-(2-bromoethyl)piperidine to alkyl acrylates : application towards the synthesis of 2-(methoxycarbonyl)indolizidine

Conjugate addition of 2-(bromomethyl)- and 2-(2-bromoethyl)piperidine hydrobromide to methyl and ethyl acrylate in the presence of triethylamine afforded the corresponding 3-[2-(bromomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]propanoates and 3-[2-(2-bromoethyl)piperidin-1-yl]propanoates for the first time. Furthermore, methyl 3-[2-(bromomethyl)piperidin-1-yl]propanoate was converted into the novel 2-(methoxycarbonyl)indolizidine upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamide in THF. The latter ester was easily reduced by means of lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether, affording 2-(hydroxymethyl)indolizidine in high yield

Virological and immunological studies of human cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common viral infection complicating stem cell transplantation, and if untreated frequently results in a fatal outcome. In order to identify the main risk factors for HCMV infection, a retrospective study of all allogeneic stem cell transplants performed over a five year period at a single centre was undertaken. The main risk factors for HCMV infection following transplantation were identified as a HCMV seropositive donor and/or recipient and in-vivo use of the monoclonal antibody, anti-CD52 (alemtuzumab). A prospective study of HCMV viral loads determined by real time PCR using a Taqman probe was undertaken, and the viral load dynamics of 57 patients were analysed. Despite the use of aciclovir prophylaxis, PCR monitoring and pre-emptive therapy, the peak viral load, viral replication rate and the total duration of viraemia remain significant risk factors for symptomatic HCMV infection. Peak viral load was the most significant predictor of time to viral clearance. A prospective longtitudinal study of the reconstitution of the HCMV specific immune response following allogeneic stem cell transplantation was performed in 20 patients using intracellular interferon gamma staining and flow cytometry. HCMV infection was associated with a significantly reduced HCMV specific CD4+ T cell response. Furthermore, in patients receiving in-vivo anti-CD52, HCMV specific CD4+ T cell immune recovery was significantly delayed. An HLA class II epitope mapping study was undertaken in stem cell transplant recipients and healthy controls using peptide pools consisting of 15 mer overlapping peptides spanning the entire amino acid sequence of the HCMV proteins, pp65 and IE1. Using intracellular cytokine detection in CD4+ T cells, a number of novel HCMV specific class II epitopes were identified. Transplant recipients responded to a broader range of epitopes than HCMV seropositive controls. These results have important implications for HCMV specific immunotherapy in allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Introduction

Jeux vidéo, Minecraft, cartes, données géographiques, service web, urbanisme, architecture, concours ; open data, open source, serious games, persuavise games, SIG (Système d’information géographique), modding, tactical urbanism, empowerment, métajeu ; ville intelligente, urbanisme algorithmique, city-builder, SimCity, génération procédurale, théorie des systèmes, smart citizens ; manifestations, littératie spatiale, espace du jeu, espace public, espace contesté, résistance ; Monkey Island, D..