Identificação de genes com expressão diferencial entre machos e fêmeas de larvas de jundiá Rhamdia quelen no período de pré-diferenciação sexual.

O jundiá Rhamdia quelen é um bagre de água doce de médio porte com grande importância econômica para a pesca e aquicultura na América do Sul. Por apresentarem puberdade e maturação sexual mais tardias que os machos, as fêmeas têm melhores índices de desempenho na engorda. Isso tem despertado o interesse da indústria pela criação de populações monosexo femininas, visando melhorias nos índices de produção. Entretanto, ainda faltam informações sobre os processos de determinação e diferenciação sexual do jundiá.Aquaciência 2023

Identificação de genes com expressão diferencial entre machos e fêmeas de larvas de jundiá Rhamdia quelen no período de pré-diferenciação sexual.

O jundiá Rhamdia quelen é um bagre de água doce de médio porte com grande importância econômica para a pesca e aquicultura na América do Sul. Por apresentarem puberdade e maturação sexual mais tardias que os machos, as fêmeas têm melhores índices de desempenho na engorda. Isso tem despertado o interesse da indústria pela criação de populações monosexo femininas, visando melhorias nos índices de produção. Entretanto, ainda faltam informações sobre os processos de determinação e diferenciação sexual do jundiá

Monitoring And Control Of Coating And Granulation Processes In Fluidized Beds - A Review

This review presents a compilation of works of the main techniques for monitoring and control fluidization regimes, particle size and moisture content during coating and granulation processes in the fluidized bed. The development of monitoring and control systems for coating and granulation of particles is highly desirable, not only to allow the operation in a stable bubbling fluidization regime, which intensifies heat and mass transfer, but also to ensure strict quality specifications for products, such as, uniform particle size distribution, low moisture content and good flowability. This paper focuses on the discussion of methods used and results obtained in studies on monitoring and control of granulation and coating process in the fluidized bed reported in the literature in the last decades. Pressure fluctuation signal analysis is widely discussed as a tool of regime monitoring. To monitor particle size, techniques such as, Near Infrared spectroscopy (NIR), Focused Beam Reflectance Measurements (FBRMs), among others are presented in detail. As for moisture content tracking, the methods are reviewed like acoustic signals, capacitance, microwave resonance and spectroscopy. It is evident that although these processes are highly complex, the techniques presented here have evolved mainly due to the efforts of several research groups, showing great potential for applications in industry, emphasizing the importance of this research field. © 2013 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V.251195210Lipsanen, T., Närvänen, T., Räikkönen, H., Antikainen, O., Yliruusi, J., Particle size, moisture, and fluidization variations described by indirect in-line physical measurements of fluid bed granulation (2008) AAPS PharmSciTech, 9, pp. 1070-1077Lipsanen, T., Process analytical technology approach on fluid bed granulation and drying (2008) Identifying Critical Relationships and Constructing the Design Space, p. 51. , Academic Dissertation - Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Helsinki, Finland, 2008Maronga, S., (1998) On the Optimization of the Fluidized Bed Particulate Coating Process, p. 78. , Ph.D. Thesis - Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology - Royal Institute of Technology, StockholmJohnsson, F., Zijerveld, R.C., Schouten, J.C., Van Der Beek, C.M., Leckner, B., Characterization of fluidization regimes by time-series analysis of pressure fluctuations (2000) International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26, pp. 663-715Halstensen, M., De Bakker, P., Esbensen, K.H., Acoustic chemometric monitoring of an industrial granulation production process-a PAT feasibility study (2006) Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 84 (1-2 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 88-97. , DOI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2006.05.012, PII S0169743906001134Naelapaa, K., Veski, P., Pedersen, J.G., Anov, D., Jorgensen, P., Kristensen, H.G., Bertelsen, P., Acoustic monitoring of a fluidized bed coating process (2007) International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 332 (1-2), pp. 90-97. , DOI 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.036, PII S0378517306007885Wang, J., Ren, C., Yang, Y., Hou, L., Characterization of particle fluidization pattern in a gas solid fluidized bed based on acoustic emission (AE) measurement (2009) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, pp. 8508-8514Schouten, J.C., Van Den Bleek, C.M., Monitoring the quality of fluidization using the short-term predictability of pressure fluctuations (1998) AIChE Journal, 44 (1), pp. 48-60Van Ommen, J.R., De Korte, R.J., Van Den Bleek, C.M., Rapid detection of defluidization using the standard deviation of pressure fluctuations (2004) Chemical Engineering and Processing, 43, pp. 1329-1335Chirone, R., Miccio, F., Scala, F., Mechanism and prediction of bed agglomeration during fluidized bed combustion of a biomass fuel: Effect of the reactor scale (2006) Chemical Engineering Journal, 123 (3), pp. 71-80. , DOI 10.1016/j.cej.2006.07.004, PII S1385894706002956Nijenhuis, J., Korbee, R., Lensselink, J., Kiel, J.H.A., Van Ommen, J.R., A method for agglomeration detection and control in full-scale biomass fired fluidized beds (2007) Chemical Engineering Science, 62 (1-2), pp. 644-654. , DOI 10.1016/j.ces.2006.09.041, PII S0009250906006105, Fluidized Bed ApplicationsBartels, M., Lin, W., Nijenhuis, J., Kapteijn, F., Van Ommen, J.R., Agglomeration in fluidized beds at high temperatures: Mechanisms, detection and prevention (2008) Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 34, pp. 633-666Bartels, M., Nijenhuis, J., Kapteijn, F., Van Ommen, J.R., Detection of agglomeration and gradual particle size changes in circulating fluidized beds (2010) Powder Technology, 202, pp. 24-38Briens, C., McDougall, S., Chan, E., On-line detection of bed fluidity in a fluidized bed coker (2003) Powder Technology, 138 (2-3), pp. 160-168. , DOI 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.09.012Talu, I., Tardos, G.I., Ruud Van Ommen, J., Use of stress fluctuations to monitor wet granulation of powders (2001) Powder Technology, 117 (1-2), pp. 149-162. , DOI 10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00321-7, PII S0032591001003217Chaplin, G., Pugsley, T., Winters, C., Monitoring the fluidized bed granulation process based on s-statistic analysis of a pressure time series (2005) AAPS PharmSciTech, 6 (2), pp. 198-201Parise, M.R., Silva, C.A.M., Ramazini, M.J., Taranto, O.P., Identification of defluidization in fluidized bed coating using the Gaussian spectral pressure distribution (2011) Powder Technology, 206, pp. 149-153Silva, C.A.M., Parise, M.R., Silva, F.V., Taranto, O.P., Control of fluidized bed coating particles using Gaussian spectral pressure distribution (2011) Powder Technology, 212, pp. 445-458Nunes, J.F., Silva, C.A.M., Moris, V.A.S., Rocha, S.C.S., Taranto, O.P., Spectral analysis of pressure drop fluctuation in vibrofluidized bed coating (2011) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 24, pp. 649-654De Martín, L., Van Den Dries, K., Van Ommen, J.R., Comparison of three different methodologies of pressure signal processing to monitor fluidized-bed dryers/granulators (2011) Chemical Engineering Journal, 172, pp. 487-499Van Ommen, J.R., Sasic, S., Van Der Schaaf, J., Gheorghiu, S., Johnsson, F., Coppens, M.O., Time-series analysis of pressure fluctuations in gas-solid fluidized beds - A review (2011) International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 37, pp. 403-428Silva, O.S., Rocha, S.C.S., Marsal, S.C., The influence of the moisture content of microcrystalline cellulose on the coating process in a fluidized bed (2004) Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2, pp. 325-333El Mafadi, S., Hayert, M., Poncelet, D., Fluidization control in Wuster coating process (2003) Hemijska Industrija, 57, pp. 641-644Poncelet, D., Prata, A.S., El Mafadi, S., Boilleraux, L., Optimisation and process control of fluid bed coating (2009) 17th International Conference on Bioencapsulation, , Groningen, Netherlands, September 24-26Maudhuit, A., Boillereaux, L., El Mafadi, S., Poncelet, D., Development of process-control for coating in fluid bed (2010) 18th International Conference on Bioencapsulation, , Porto, Portugal, October 1-2Terashita, K., Watano, S., Miyanami, K., Determination of end-point by frequency analysis of power consumption in agitation granulation (1990) Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38, pp. 3120-3123Watano, S., Terashita, K., Miyanami, K., Analysis of granulation process and determination of operational end point in a tumbling fluidized bed granulation (1993) Bulletin of University of Osaka Prefecture. 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Thesis. School of Chemical Engineering, University State of Campinas, Campinas, 2007Silva, C.A.M., Parise, M.R., Ramazini, M.J., Taranto, O.P., Study of defluidization of wet particle in a fluidized bed using Gaussian spectral analysis (2009) Proceedings of 8th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, , Montreal, Canada, August 23-27Silva, C.A.M., (2009) Application of the Gaussian Spectral Analysis Methodology to Monitor and Control the Defluidization in the Particles Coating Process, p. 145. , Master's Dissertation, School of Chemical Engineering, University State of Campinas, Campinas, 2009Silva, C.A.M., Parise, M.R., Taranto, O.P., Monitoring of defluidization phenomenon in gas-solid fluidized bed coating process XXXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Sistemas Particulados, , Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, October 18-21, 2009, (in Portuguese)Karimi, F., Sotudeh-Gharebagh, R., Zarghami, R., Mostoufi, N., Monitoring the moisture content of solids in fluidized bed dryers by analysis of pressure fluctuations (2011) Drying Technology, 29, pp. 1697-1704Silva, C.A.M., Parise, M.R., Silva, F.V., Taranto, O.P., On-line control of fluidized bed wetting process XVII Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química, , Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil, September 19-22, 2010 (in Portuguese)Polastri, P.R., Silva, C.A.M., Taranto, O.P., On-line monitoring of fluidization regimes in coating process of diclofenac sodium pellets using Gaussian spectral analysis IX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química - Iniciação Científica, , Maringá, Paraná, Brazil, July 03-06, 2011 (in Portuguese)Watano, S., Sato, Y., Miyanami, K., Control of granule growth in fluidized bed granulation by an image processing system (1996) Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 44 (8), pp. 1556-1560Watano, S., Sato, Y., Miyanami, K., Optimization and validation of an image processing system in fluidized bed granulation (1997) Advanced Powder Technology, 8 (4), pp. 269-277Watano, S., Numa, T., Miyanami, K., Osako, Y., On-line monitoring of granule growth in high shear granulation by an image processing system (2000) Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48 (8), pp. 1154-1159Watano, S., Direct control of wet granulation processes by image processing system (2001) Powder Technology, 117 (1-2), pp. 163-172. , DOI 10.1016/S0032-5910(01)00322-9, PII S0032591001003229Watano, S., Numa, T., Miyanami, K., Osako, Y., A fuzzy control system of high shear granulation using image processing (2001) Powder Technology, 115 (2), pp. 124-130. , DOI 10.1016/S0032-5910(00)00332-6, PII S0032591000003326Frake, P., Greenhalgh, D., Grierson, S.M., Hempenstall, J.M., Rudd, D.R., Process control and end-point determination of a fluid bed granulation by application of near infra-red spectroscopy (1997) International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 151 (1), pp. 75-80. , DOI 10.1016/S0378-5173(97)04894-1, PII S0378517397048941Goebel, S.G., Steffens, K.J., Online-measurement of moisture and particle size in the fluidized-bed processing with the near-infrared spectroscopy (1998) Pharmazeutische Industrie, 60, pp. 889-895Findlay, W.P., Peck, G.R., Morris, K.R., Determination of fluidized bed granulation end point using near-infrared spectroscopy and phenomenological analysis (2005) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 94 (3), pp. 604-612. , DOI 10.1002/jps.20276Tok, A., Goh, X.P., Ng, W., Tan, R., Monitoring granulation rate processes using three PAT tools in a pilot-scale fluidized bed (2008) AAPS PharmSciTech, 9, pp. 1083-1091Scheibli, D., (2007) The Use of FBRM for On-line Particle Size Analysis in A Fluid Bed Granulator, , http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3576, Master's Theses. 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Characterization of vasa homolog in a neotropical catfish, Jundiá ( Rhamdia quelen ): Molecular cloning and expression analysis during embryonic and larval development

We have characterized the full-length vasa cDNA from Jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae, Siluriformes). vasa encodes a member of the DEAD-box protein family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases. This protein is highly conserved among different organisms and its role is associated with RNA metabolism. In the majority of the investigated species, vasa is restricted to the germ cell lineage and its expression has been used to study germline development in many organisms, including fish. The deduced R. quelen vasa amino acid sequence displayed high similarity with Vasa protein sequences from other organisms, and did not cluster with PL10 or P68 DEAD-box protein subfamilies. We also reported that there is no other isoform for vasa mRNA in R. quelen gonads. Expression analysis by RT-PCR and qPCR showed vasa transcripts exclusively expressed in the germ cells of R. quelen gonads. R. quelen vasa mRNA was maternally inherited, and was detected in the migrating primordial germ cells (PGCs) until 264 h post-fertilization during embryonic and larval development. This work has characterized for the first time the full-length R. quelen vasa cDNA, and describes its expression patterns during R. quelen embryonic and larval development. Our results will contribute to the basic reproductive biology of this native species, and will support studies using vasa as a germ cell marker in different biotechnological studies, such as germ cell transplantation

Characterization of Gnrh/Gnih elements in the olfacto-retinal system and ovary during zebrafish ovarian maturation

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is one of the key players of brain-pituitary-gonad axis, exerting overall control over vertebrate reproduction. In zebrafish, two variants were characterized and named as Gnrh2 and Gnrh3. In this species, Gnrh3, the hypohysiotropic form, is expressed by neurons of the olfactory-retinal system, where it is related with food detection, intra/interspecific recognition, visual acuity and retinal processing modulation. Previous studies have reported the presence of Gnrh receptors in the zebrafish retina, but not yet in the zebrafish olfactory epithelium. The current study analyzed the presence of gnrh2 and gnrh3, their receptors (gnrhr 1,2,3 and 4) and gnih (gonadotropin inhibitory hormone) transcripts, as well as the Gnrh3 protein in the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory bulb (OB), retina and ovary during zebrafish ovarian maturation. We found an increase of gnrh receptors transcripts in the OE at the final stages of ovarian maturation. In the OE, Gnrh3 protein was detected in the olfactory receptor neurons cilia and in the olfactory nerve fibers. Interestingly, in the OB, we found an inverse expression pattern between gnih and gnrh3. In the retina, gnrhr4 mRNA was found in the nuclei of amacrine, bipolar, and ganglion cells next to Gnrh3 positive fibers. In the ovary, gnrh3, gnrhr2 and gnrhr4 transcripts were found in perinucleolar oocytes, while gnih in oocytes at the cortical alveolus stage. Our results suggested that Gnrh/Gnih elements are involved in the neuromodulation of the sensorial system particularly at the final stages of maturation, playing also a paracrine role in the ovary.Fil: Corchuelo, Sheryll. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Martinez, Emanuel R. M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Butzge, Arno J.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Doretto, Lucas B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Ricci, Juliana M.B.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Valentin, Fernanda N.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Nakaghi, Laura S.O.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Somoza, Gustavo Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); ArgentinaFil: Nóbrega, Rafael H.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi

Cortisol Directly Stimulates Spermatogonial Differentiation, Meiosis, and Spermiogenesis in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Testicular Explants

Cortisol is the major endocrine factor mediating the inhibitory effects of stress on vertebrate reproduction. It is well known that cortisol affects reproduction by interacting with the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonads axis, leading to downstream inhibitory and stimulatory effects on gonads. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we provide novel data demonstrating the stimulatory effects of cortisol on spermatogenesis using an ex vivo organ culture system. The results revealed that cortisol treatment did not modulate basal androgen production, but it influenced transcript levels of a selected number of genes involved in the zebrafish testicular function ar (androgen receptor), star (steroidogenic acute regulatory), cyp17a1 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase/17,20 desmolase), cyp11a2 (cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily A, polypeptide 2), hsd11b2 (11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), cyp2k22 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily K, polypeptide 22), fkbp5 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 5), grα (glucocorticoid receptor alpha), and grβ (glucocorticoid receptor beta) in a short-term culture. We also showed that cortisol stimulates spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation in an androgen independent manner as well as promoting meiosis and spermiogenesis by increasing the number of spermatozoa in the testes. Moreover, we demonstrated that concomitant treatment with RU 486, a potent glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) antagonist, did not affect the cortisol effects on spermatogonial differentiation but blocked the induced effects on meiosis and spermiogenesis. Supporting the Gr-mediated effects, RU 486 nullified the cortisol-induced expression of sycp3l (synaptonemal complex protein 3), a marker for the meiotic prophase that encodes a component of the synaptonemal complex. This is consistent with in silico analysis that found 10 putative GREs (glucocorticoid response elements) upstream of the zebrafish sycp3l. Finally, we also showed that grα mRNA is expressed in Sertoli and Leydig cells, but also in several types of germ cells, including spermatogonia and spermatocytes. Altogether, this evidence indicates that cortisol exerts paracrine roles in the zebrafish testicular function and spermatogenesis, highlighting its effects on spermatogonial differentiation, meiosis, and spermiogenesis

Gdnf Acts as a Germ Cell-Derived Growth Factor and Regulates the Zebrafish Germ Stem Cell Niche in Autocrine- and Paracrine-Dependent Manners

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor (GDNF Family Receptor α1-GFRα1) are well known to mediate spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) proliferation and survival in mammalian testes. In nonmammalian species, Gdnf and Gfrα1 orthologs have been found but their functions remain poorly investigated in the testes. Considering this background, this study aimed to understand the roles of the Gdnf-Gfrα1 signaling pathway in zebrafish testes by combining in vivo, in silico and ex vivo approaches. Our analysis showed that zebrafish exhibit two paralogs for Gndf (gdnfa and gdnfb) and its receptor, Gfrα1 (gfrα1a and gfrα1b), in accordance with a teleost-specific third round of whole genome duplication. Expression analysis further revealed that both ligands and receptors were expressed in zebrafish adult testes. Subsequently, we demonstrated that gdnfa is expressed in the germ cells, while Gfrα1a/Gfrα1b was detected in early spermatogonia (mainly in types Aund and Adiff) and Sertoli cells. Functional ex vivo analysis showed that Gdnf promoted the creation of new available niches by stimulating the proliferation of both type Aund spermatogonia and their surrounding Sertoli cells but without changing pou5f3 mRNA levels. Strikingly, Gdnf also inhibited late spermatogonial differentiation, as shown by the decrease in type B spermatogonia and down-regulation of dazl in a co-treatment with Fsh. Altogether, our data revealed that a germ cell-derived factor is involved in maintaining germ cell stemness through the creation of new available niches, supporting the development of spermatogonial cysts and inhibiting late spermatogonial differentiation in autocrine- and paracrine-dependent manners