Primary Renal Lymphoma Presenting as End-Stage Renal Disease.

Primary renal lymphoma is a rare entity, even more so in children. Children with primary renal lymphoma present with variable clinical features such as constitutional signs and symptoms, acute kidney injury, palpable abdominal masses, and gross hematuria. Herein we report a child who presented with seemingly advanced chronic kidney disease and was eventually diagnosed with primary lymphoma. He responded well to intensive chemotherapy and recovered renal function, although he was left with some functional limitations as a consequence of his treatment regimen. Our report highlights the importance of keeping neoplastic conditions under consideration when taking care of children with severe kidney disease of unclear etiology

BUILDING AN APPLICATION MODEL FOR EFFICIENT RIDE BOOKING IN RIDE-HAILING INDUSTRY

The purpose of this study is to develop an efficient ride booking application in the ride-hailing sector. The objective of the research is to provide users with an easy way to book rides at reasonable prices and convenient times. This project helps to promote the ride-hailing industry by providing guidance for the creation of real-time applications. This project answered three questions. 1. What are the technology and infrastructure requirements for developing a consolidated online application for centralized ride sharing? 2. What are other examples of application aggregators in other industries than transportation and how do they work? 3. What are the steps for developing an online application that integrates the current ride-sharing applications? This project used the Java programming language to design an Android application in Android Studio that compares different ride fares, wait time and car types. The application made use of a dummy dataset in JSON format that included time, cost, and car type details. The software allows users to enter their origin and destination, and it then presents information on availability, waiting times, estimated costs, and car types. The application development process includes the creation of the dataset, setup of the Android Studio project, data retrieval and merging using Java programming, and tabular data display on a mobile screen. The developed application helps users compare various ride-sharing services, informs riders of available ride charges, and offers estimates for wait times. It assists riders in booking the best ride among various available options across different ride-sharing platforms based on their preferences. development of an efficient ride-sharing application in the ride-hailing industry, aiming to provide users with the ability to book rides at reasonable prices and suitable times. Future developments for ride-efficiency apps include multi-language support, advanced filtering, real-time API integration, ride-sharing service growth, in-app payments, user reviews, personalized suggestions, map integration, and multi-modal growth

STUDIES IN OXCARBAZEPINE MICROSPHERES EMPLOYING PLACKETT AND BURMAN DESIGN

Objective: The present work was aimed to screen material and processing parameters affecting encapsulation efficiency and drug release from microspheres. Methods: Oxcarbazepine loaded microspheres were prepared employing multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Ratio of chitosan to ethyl cellulose, ratio of drug to polymer, stirring speed, ratio of dichloromethane to methanol, amount of Span 80 and the volume of aqueous phase were selected as independent variables in the Plackett and Burman design. The microspheres were characterized for percentage yield, percentage encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution and in vitro drug release. Results: The critical material and processing parameters affecting encapsulation efficiency were chitosan to ethyl cellulose ratio, volume of water, stirring speed and drug to polymer ratio. Initial burst release was affected by volume of water, temperature, dichloromethane to methanol ratio, amount of Span 80 and drug to polymer ratio. FTIR study showed compatibility of the drug with excipients. Conclusion: The outcome of the study shall be used to calculate risk priority number (RPN) and for devising suitable control strategies for the critical factors at industry

DEVELOPMENT OFRIZATRIPTAN BENZOATE MICROSPHERES FOR NOSE TO BRAIN TARGETING

Objective: Oral administration of rizatriptan benzoate shows poor bioavailability due to first pass metabolism, which can be avoided by nasal administration of drugs. Additionally, the nasal administration provides faster onset of action, which is desired to get relief from the intense pain of a migraine. The present research work was emphasised on design, development and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres for nasal delivery of rizatriptan benzoate through a systematic approach. Methods: The microspheres of rizatriptan benzoate were prepared by the w/o/w double emulsion solvent diffusion method using the non-aqueous medium. Critical formulation and process parameters were identified through preliminary trial batches and 2[4-1] fractional factorial design was employed using polymer concentration (X1:2-5%), drug to polymer ratio (X2:1:2-1:6), amount of liquid paraffin (X3:100-200 ml) and the amount of magnesium stearate (X4:100-150 mg) as independent variables. Results: Design batches were evaluated for percent yield (50-78%), percent entrapment efficiency (62-85%), drug loading (7.5-30%), % mucoadhesion (47-75%) and drug release at 6 h (44-78%). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study showed that microspheres were of 50 µm in size and spherical in shape with a smooth surface. The optimised batch (D10) showed 85% entrapment efficiency and 66.6% drug release within 6 h. The developed microspheres could be used to deliver rizatriptan benzoate through nasal administration for treatment of a migraine. Conclusion: The developed microspheres can be considered as a promising system for nasal delivery system of rizatriptan benzoat