The Use of Mechanically Activated Micronized Coal in Thermal Power Engineering

Coal is one of the main energy resources and development of new promising technologies on its basis is certainly topical. This article discusses the use of new technology of gas and fuel oil replacement by mechanically activated micronized coal in power engineering: ignition and stabilization of pulverized coal flame combustion, as well as gasification of micronized coal in the flow. The new technology coal combustion with two stages of grinding is suggested. Optimization of the scheme of two-stage combustion is calculated. The first experimental data on the combustion process are obtained. The first demonstration tests on gas and heavy oil replacement by micronized coal during boiler ignition were carried out in the real power boiler with the capacity of 320 tons of steam per hour

Investigation of hydrodynamic features in two-stage steam-air-blown entrained-flow gasifier

The goal of the work is to study the hydrodynamics features of media movement in IT SB RAS two-stage steam-air-blown entrained-flow gasifier. Analysis of the data obtained using the verified CFD model based on the results of the experiments showed that the conversion process in the mode proceeds in three phases, the localization of which depends on the input mode and design parameters. According to the results of CFD modeling, the injection of relatively cold, weakly superheated steam axial jet into second phases creates hydrodynamic, structural and temperature heterogeneity, which decreases markedly in the third phases. The supplied steam at the second phase performs mainly the functions of a cooler, causing a decrease in the temperature of the reaction mixture and a decrease in the rate of gasification reactions. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.The work was supported by Act 211 02.A03.21.0006

Investigation of multistage air-steam-blown entrained-flow coal gasification

The aim of the work is using an experimental-computational method to study the process of air-steam-blown entrained-flow gasification of coal with multistage air supply. To achieve this aim, the experiment was conducted on a plant consisting of a swirler into which coal and air are supplied, and a reaction chamber into which steam and multistage air are supplied; the experiment was numerically simulated using a validated CFD model; and the process under study was analysed using the obtained experimental and calculated data. The conducted experimental and computational studies of air-steam-blown gasification allowed determining the effect of steam supply and multistage air supply on the features of the gasification process. Steam injection lowers the temperature of the gas mixture and increases the concentration of hydrogen due to the hydrogasification reaction. The air supply to the reaction chamber increases the temperature of the mixture due to the burning of part of the syngas, while the syngas heating value is reduced by an appropriate amount. The maximum concentration of the syngas combustible components (and hence syngas heating value) is observed before the second point of air supply to the reaction chamber. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Experimental studies, development and using of CFD model were performed within the frames of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-79-00147) (E.B. Butakov, N.A. Abaimov)

Effect of steam supply to the air-blown gasifier on hot syngas desulphurization

The IGCC technology serves to efficiently produce thermal and electrical energy with minimal impact on the environment. In operating IGCC, wet desulphurization is used at temperatures below 200°C. The use of hot desulphurization at temperatures around 500°C will significantly improve IGCC efficiency. The preferred sorbent for hot gas cleaning is ZnO. At temperature of 450-500°C, ZnO begins decomposing because of reactions with syngas components (primarily hydrogen). Steam impedes reaction of ZnO with H2 and increases ZnO thermal stability. Syngas H2/H2O ratio is determined by gasifier operation mode. The purpose of this work is to determine maximum temperature of hot gas cleaning depending on condition of ZnO-sorbent thermal stability and steam-air-blown mechanically activated coal gasifier operation mode. To determine the effect of steam supply to syngas composition, experiments were performed on entrained-flow gasifier (1 MW). Experimental results were processed using thermodynamic analysis to determine idealized syngas composition and CFD-modeling to determine real experiment process parameters. Syngas H2O content was determined by CFD-modeling results. Study of ZnO-sorbent thermal stability depending on H2 concentration and syngas H2/H2O ratio was performed by TGA. As a result of experimentally confirmed thermodynamic calculations, ZnO-sorbent thermal stability was found to increase to 815°C due to steam dilution. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006

Synthesis of Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON) Thin Films by Li3 PO4 Anodic Evaporation in Nitrogen Plasma of a Low-Pressure Arc Discharge

Thin amorphous films of LiPON solid electrolyte were prepared by anodic evaporation of lithium orthophosphate Li3 PO4 in an arc discharge with a self-heating hollow cathode at a nitrogen pressure of 1 Pa. Distribution of the arc current between two electrodes having an anode potential provided independent control of the evaporation rate of Li3 PO4 and the density of nitrogen plasma. Stabilization of the evaporation rate was achieved using a crucible with multi-aperture cover having floating potential. The existence of a threshold value of discharge current (40 A) has been established, which, upon reaching ionic conductivity over 10−8 S/cm, appears in the films. Probe diagnostics of discharge plasma were carried out. It has been shown that heating the films during deposition by plasma radiation to a temperature of 200◦ C is not an impediment to achieving high ionic conductivity of the films. Dense uniform films of LiPON thickness 1 µm with ionic conductivity up to 1 × 10−6 S/cm at a deposition rate of 4 nm/min are obtained. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The studies of the coatings were carried out with the financial support of Russian Federation represented by Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project No. 075-15-2021-1348) within the framework of event No. 1.1.12

One-step heterylation at the upper rim of calix[4]arene with 1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-ones

A convenient way to modify calix[4]arenes based on the direct C-C coupling reaction of their phenol moiety with 1,2,4-triazines has been advanced, and the ability of modified calixarenes to provide transport of La3+ and Ga3+ cations through organic membranes has been examined. © 2006 American Chemical Society

INVESTIGATION OF AIR-STEAM-BLOWN TWO-STAGE ENTRAINED-FLOW MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED COAL GASIFICATION

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of steam supply to entrained-flow gasifier of advanced fuel - mechanically activated coal on gasifier operation parameters. Experimental and numerical studies of steam-air-blown gasification of mechanically activated coal made it possible to find dependence of syngas composition and heating value on air stoichiometric factor and steam flow rate. Features of controlling mechanisms of mechanically activated coal gasification are specified.Работа частично выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, грант № 16-38-50188 (Абаимов Н.А., Бурдуков А.П.)

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDIES OF ENTRAINED-FLOW HIGH-TEMPERATURE STEAM-AIR-BLOWN COAL GASIFICATION

The paper considers a method for increasing the energy efficiency of coal power plants using coal gasification technology. The entrained-flow hightemperature steam-air-blown coal gasification in an experimental laboratory gasifier is studied. Using CFD-method the processes taking place in a laboratory unit are investigated.В работе рассмотрен способ повышения энергоэффективности угольных электростанций с использованием технологии газификации угля. Проанализирован процесс поточной высокотемпературной паровоздушной газификации угля в экспериментальном лабораторном газификаторе. С помощью CFD метода исследованы процессы, происходящие в лабораторной установке.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, грант № 16-38-5018

About the Development of an Electronic Information and Communication Platform

В статье представлено обоснование необходимости внедрения электронно-коммуникационной площадки в социально-экономическом аспекте для сферы образования. Предложены основы архитектуры, базирующиеся на задачах участников, которые они могут решить при использовании, а также влияние функционирования такой площадки на качество образования и развития науки в стране.The article presents a rationale for the need to introduce an electronic communication platform in the socio-economic aspect for the education sector. The fundamentals of architecture are proposed, based on the tasks of the participants that they can solve when used, as well as the impact of the functioning of such a platform on the quality of education and the development of science in the country