Zakłopotanie w komunikacji menedżerskiej

The study is circumscribed Management Science. It aims to investigate for the first time embarrassments of managerial communication. After an overview of evolution of the managerial communication is revealed that the problem of embarrassments of managerial communication was not ever studied. Using meta-analytic and observational procedures and methods are highlighted that the main generators of embarrassments are communicators, as basic elements of communication, those who initiate, perform, maintain and/or interrupt communication. There are recorded three kinds of embarrassments to communication: easily gotten over difficulties, difficult gotten over and barriers almost insurmountable. It is observed that intervene of some endogenous factors of the communication process and/or exogenous factors in the communication process. The first category factors are subjective and are manifested in misunderstandings, lack of consensus, differences of opinion, disagreements and conflicts; they are partly due to the asymmetric nature of the communication situation manager vs. subordinate. The second category factors are objective (physical) and are related to environment in which communication performs (context, situation, setting), the channels of communication, media and noise.Niniejsze badanie odnosi się do Nauk o Zarządzaniu. Ma ono na celu zbadanie po raz pierwszy zakłopotania w komunikacji menedżerskiej. Po dokonaniu przeglądu kształtowania się komunikacji menedżerskiej wykazano, że problem zakłopotania w komunikacji menedżerskiej nie był nigdy badany. Wykorzystane meta-analityczne i obserwacyjne procedury oraz metody naświetlają, że głównymi generatorami zakłopotania są komunikatory, jako podstawowe elementy komunikacji, które inicjują, wykonują, utrzymują i / lub przerywają komunikację. Istnieją trzy zarejestrowane rodzaje zakłopotania w komunikacji: trudności łatwe do przezwyciężenia, trudne do przezwyciężenia i bariery niemal nie do pokonania. Obserwuje się interwencję niektórych czynników endogennych i / lub czynników egzogennych w procesie komunikacji. Czynniki pierwszej kategorii są subiektywne i objawiają się nieporozumieniami, brakiem porozumienia, różnicami zdań, sporami i konfliktami; wynikają one częściowo z powodu asymetrycznego charakteru sytuacji komunikacyjnej kierownika wobec podwładnego. Czynniki drugiej kategorii są obiektywne (fizyczne) i związane są z otoczeniem, w którym przeprowadzana jest komunikacja (kontekst, sytuacja, ustawienie), kanałami komunikacji, mediami i hałasem

Reinforced thermoplastic natural rubber hybrid composites with Hibiscus cannabinus, L and short glass fiber – Part I: Processing parameters and tensile properties

Hybrid composite of thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) reinforced with Hibiscus cannabinus, L fiber (kenaf fiber: KF) and short glass fiber (GF) were prepared via melt blending method using internal mixer, at various temperatures, speed and time. TPNR matrix is a blend of polypropylene (PP), liquid natural rubber (LNR) and natural rubber (NR) at a ratio of 70 : 10 : 20. Processing parameters were determined from the tensile strength based on fiber content with 50 : 50 ratios of GF and KF. Using the optimum processing parameters, tensile test was carried out for reinforced TPNR–KF–GF hybrid composites (0–20% by volume), with and without addition of silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP). The result of tensile strength has shown that the increasing in kenaf fiber content substantially reduced the tensile strength and modulus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown that the composite, with coupling agent or compatibilizer, promotes better fiber–matrix interaction

An ionic liquid treatment and fractionation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunch

This work reports on a complete isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic compounds from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) by ionic liquid (IL) treatment and alkaline treatment processes. The fractionated lignocellulosic compounds were confirmed by FTIR and CP/MAS 13CNMR analyses. The yield of the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions was 52.72 ± 1.50% wt., 27.17 ± 1.68% wt. and 16.82 ± 1.15% wt. with molecular weight of 1869 g/mol, 1736 g/mol and 2695 g/mol, and degradation temperature of 325.65 °C, 236.25 °C, and 201.40 °C, respectively. The SEM image illustrates the bundle-like fiber of cellulose fraction and smaller particle size of hemicellulose and lignin fractions with inconsistent shape. The XRD patterns depict the crystalline cellulose, amorphous lignin and partially amorphous hemicellulose fractions property. The IL could be recovered and reused with an overall recovery of 48% wt. after the fourth cycle

Antegrade Transcatheter Closure of a Large Aortic Paravalvular Leak

Antegrade Transcatheter Closure of a Large Aortic Paravalvular Lea

Optimization of coag-flocculation processes of a newly synthesized quaternized oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose by response surface methodology toward drinking water treatment process application

An optimization of coagulation and flocculation of kaolin suspension by a newly synthesized quaternized oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose denoted as a 9QC was investigated using the central composite design of the response surface methodology. The influences of coag-flocculant dosage, pH, and kaolin suspension on turbidity removal efficiency and sludge volume index responses were studied and assessed according to a 23full factorial design. The developed quadratic models revealed that the overall optimum values to obtain the highest performance of the responses were 62.5�mg/L of coag-flocculant dosage, pH 7, and 1400�mg/L of kaolin concentration. The predicted optimum responses were found to be in close proximity to the observed responses. The coag-flocculating of river water using 9QC carried out at the optimum values showed encouraging results as compared to alum which is commonly used in drinking water treatment process

Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of durian skin fibre reinforced PLA biocomposites

Durian skin waste generated by durian fruit or Durio zibethinus Murray show potential as a new reinforcement basednatural fibre. Similar to other lignocellulosic fibre, durian skin fibre (DSF) is capable in reinforcing polylactic acid (PLA) through extrusion and injection moulding processes for various applications. In current study, the effects of fibre content and pre-treatment using 4% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on DSF were investigated on impact and thermal properties of PLA biocomposites. Treated DSF significantly enhanced the properties of PLA biocomposites as compared to untreated biocomposite. PLA can be replaced by 30. wt% DSF for similar impact performance. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) demonstrated that pre-treated DSF improved the thermal stability of PLA biocomposite. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the presence of pre-treated DSF minimally enhanced the glass transition temperature (T ), crystallization temperature (T ) and melting temperature (T ) relative to untreated DSF which suggests on better reinforcement with NaOH pre-treatmen

A new approach for developing comprehensive agricultural drought index using satellite-derived biophysical parameters and factor analysis method

The accurate assessment of drought and its monitoring is highly depending on the selection of appropriate indices. Despite the availability of countless drought indices, due to variability in environmental properties, a single universally drought index has not been presented yet. In this study, a new approach for developing comprehensive agricultural drought index from satellite-derived biophysical parameters is presented. Therefore, the potential of satellite-derived biophysical parameters for improved understanding of the water status of pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) crop grown in a semiarid area is evaluated. Exploratory factor analysis with principal component extraction method is performed to select the most in?uential parameters from seven biophysical parameters including surface temperature (Ts), surface albedo (a), leaf area index (LAI), soil heat ?ux (Go), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and net radiation (Rn). Ts and Gowere found as the most effective parameters by this method. However, Ts, LAI, a, and SAVI that accounts for 99.6 % of the total variance of seven inputs were selected to model a new biophysical water stress index (BPWSI). The values of BPWSI were stretched independently and compared with the range of actual evapotranspiration estimated through well-known METRIC (mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internal calibration) energy balance model. The results showed that BPWSI can be ef?ciently used for the prediction of the pistachio water status (RMSE of 0.52, 0.31, and 0.48 mm/day on three image dates of April 28, July 17, and August 2, 2010). The study con?rmed that crop water status is accounted by several satellite-based biophysical parameters rather than single parameter