Immigration and Social Benefits in a Mediterranean Welfare State: The Case of Spain

The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of immigration on the Spanish Welfare State nowadays. Using two different household surveys, both the reception of state cash transfers and the use of public health care insurance by nationals and immigrants are analysed. Controlling by observable socio-demographic characteristics, we find that immigrants receive fewer cash transfers than locals and do not exhibit a statistically significant higher use of health care services than nationals. The nature of the Spanish Welfare State compared to its European correlates and the age composition of the immigrant population, concentrated in active age, can help to explain these findings.Immigration; Welfare State; Spain; cash transfers; health care

Dirac constraints in field theory and exterior differential systems

The usual treatment of a (first order) classical field theory such as electromagnetism has a little drawback: It has a primary constraint submanifold that arise from the fact that the dynamics is governed by the antisymmetric part of the jet variables. So it is natural to ask if there exists a formulation of this kind of field theories which avoids this problem, retaining the versatility of the known approach. The following paper deals with a family of variational problems, namely, the so called non standard variational problems, which intends to capture the data necessary to set up such a formulation for field theories; moreover, we will formulate a multisymplectic structure for the family of non standard variational problems, and we will relate this with the (pre)symplectic structure arising on the space of sections of the bundle of fields. In this setting the Dirac theory of constraints will be studied, obtaining among other things a novel characterization of the constraint manifold which arises in this theory, as generators of an exterior differential system associated to the equations of motion and the chosen slicing. Several examples of application of this formalism are discussed: Two of them motivated from the physical point of view, that is, electromagnetism and Poisson sigma models, and two examples of mathematical application. In the case of electromagnetism, it is shown that this formulation avoids the problems arising in the usual approach.Comment: 51 pages, aims; added examples and references, typos added, improved some content, to appear in "Journal of Geometric Mechanics"

The impact of the minimum wage on Spanish youth: Evidence from a natural experiment

This work assesses the impact of the minimum wage on youth employment, unemployment and education enrolment in Spain. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we take advantage of the fact that the minimum wage for people aged 16 and 17 years old, which was approximately two thirds the level of the standard minimum wage, was raised to reach full convergence with the latter in a period of three years (from 1995 to 1998). The empirical analysis suggests that this policy intervention depressed the employment levels of the affected group, raised unemployment among them and decreased the probability of remaining in formal education.minimum wage, Spain, difference-in-differences, employment

De la lengua materna y sus historias

Este artículo se propone rastrear relaciones entre mito, lengua y paisaje en algunos poemas del poeta peruano José Watanabe (1946-2007). Pensar en la lengua es también pensar en el hogar, pero sobre todo pensar en la madre, que es la que cría a los hijos y los nutre de lengua. Por el otro lado, pensar el espacio es pensar el paisaje, y el paisaje lleva a la tierra, al suelo en el que se asienta el hogar. Tierra y hogar están vinculados, y por lo tanto la lengua y el paisaje también lo están. La poesía se une a ambos y se desarrolla a partir de éstos, pero ésta a su vez nutre a la lengua y reinventa el paisaje. Mito, paisaje y lengua serán los hilos desde los cuales alumbrar algunos ángulos de la poética de Watanabe.The purpose of this essay is to trace the relation between myth, language and landscape in some of the works of Peruvian poet José Watanabe (1946-2007). To think on language is also to think of home, but above all is to think of the Mother, the one who raises her children and nurtures them with language. On the other hand, to think about space, is to think of landscape, and landscape recalls earth, it refers us to the land where our home lays. Land and home are bind; therefore language and landscape are also bind to get her. Poetry links to both of them and develops from these links, but poetry also nurtures language and recreates landscapes. Myth, landscape and language will be the beams that will light up some aspects of Watanabe's poetics.Aquest article proposa indagar relacions entre mite, llengua i paisatge en alguns poemes del poeta peruà José Watanabe (1946-2007). Pensar en la llengua és també pensar en la llar, però sobretot pensar en la mare, que és la que cria els fills i els nodreix de llengua. Per altra banda, pensar l'espai es pensar el paisatge, i el paisatge du a la terra, el sòl en el que s'assenta la llar. La terra i la llar estan vinculats, i per tant la llengua i el paisatge també ho estan. La poesia s'uneix a tots dos i es desenvolupa a partir d'aquests, però aquesta a la vegada nodreix la llengua i reinventa el paisatge. Mite, paisatge i llengua seran els fils des dels quals il·luminar alguns angles de la poètica de Watanabe

A consideration of copyright for a national repository of humanities and social science data

In 2011 the Digital Repository of Ireland (DRI) began work on the development of an interactive national Trusted Digital Repository for contemporary and historical social and cultural data. Copyright and intellectual property rights were identified as essential areas which the DRI, as a content holder and data publisher, needed to investigate in order to develop workflows, policy and the Repository infrastructure. We established a Copyright and IP Task Force (CIPT) in January 2013 to capture and identify IP challenges from our stakeholder community and the DRI’s demonstrator collections. This report outlines the legislative context in which the CIPT worked, and how the CIPT addressed copyright challenges through the development of policies and a robust framework of legal documentation for the Repository. We also provide a case study on Orphan Works, detailing the process undertaken by the Clarke Stained Glass Studios Collection, one of DRI’s demonstrator projects, in preparing their content for online publication in the Repository

Líbano y Siria: entre la disociación y el desbordamiento

La guerra civil siria supone un elevado riesgo de extensión de la violencia distintos factores tanto derivados del conflicto vecino como por otros existentes en la política libanesa. Esto ha conducido a una fuerte colaboración del Movimiento de Futuro de la familia Hariri y de Hezbolá con sus respectivos aliados en Siria, hecho que ha minado la política de disociación del anterior primer ministro libanés Najib Mikati. Sin embargo, los dirigentes de estos partidos tienden a equilibrar su voluntad de conservar su liderazgo confesional con una imagen de defensores de los intereses nacionales. Ello limita la posibilidad de un conflicto abiertamente sectario, aunque no la elimina totalmente

WP 60 - Sample bias, weights and efficiency of weights in a continuous web voluntary survey

Using micro data from a continuous voluntary web survey, the Wage Indicator, the paper analyses the type of bias that such a sampling method produces and discusses a methodology to weight the data in order to correct such bias and make it possible to run analyses to obtain results and conclusions applicable to the whole population. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the weighting methodology to solve the potential sample bias of web surveys, the results are confronted with those obtained from an alternative standard labour survey dealing with the same issues. Since the Wage Indicator is a survey oriented to labour market issues, we considered that a labour market case study was most appropriate for the evaluation of the results. The method of evaluation followed is to calculate mean salaries, inequality indexes and salary regressions before and after implementing the weights using the Wage Indicator Survey data for Spain. The results are compared with those reached using the Structure of Earnings Survey, a wage survey run by the Spanish Statistical Institute.web surveys, data analysis, labour market JEL Classification: C42, C81, J01