La revue systématique d'études quantitatives

Sans résumé

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults: rapid review

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the lives of countless members of the general population. Older adults are known to experience loneliness, age discrimination, and excessive worry. It is therefore reasonable to anticipate that they would experience greater negative outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic given their increased isolation and risk for complications than younger adults. Objective: This study aims to synthesize the existing research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated isolation and protective measures, on older adults. The secondary objective is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated isolation and protective measures, on older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias. Methods: A rapid review of the published literature was conducted on October 6, 2020, through a search of 6 online databases to synthesize results from published original studies regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults. The Human Development Model conceptual framework–Disability Creation Process was used to describe and understand interactions between personal factors, environmental factors, and life habits. Methods and results are reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement. Results: A total of 135 records were included from the initial search strategy of 13,452 individual studies. Of these, 113 (83.7%) studies were determined to be of level 4 according to the levels of evidence classification by the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The presence of psychological symptoms, exacerbation of ageism, and physical deterioration of aged populations were reported in the included studies. Decreased social life and fewer in-person social interactions reported during the COVID-19 pandemic were occasionally associated with reduced quality of life and increased depression. Difficulties accessing services, sleep disturbances, and a reduction of physical activity were also noted. Conclusions: Our results highlight the need for adequate isolation and protective measures. Older adults represent a heterogeneous group, which could explain the contradictory results found in the literature. Individual, organizational, and institutional strategies should be established to ensure that older adults are able to maintain social contacts, preserve family ties, and maintain the ability to give or receive help during the current pandemic. Future studies should focus on specific consequences and needs of more at-risk older adults to ensure their inclusion, both in public health recommendations and considerations made by policy makers

Les stratégies d’intervention offertes aux jeunes mères sont-elles efficaces pour prévenir la maltraitance envers leurs enfants?

Les écrits scientifiques documentent largement le fait que les jeunes mères sont à risque d’inadaptation psychosociale. Par ricochet, cette vulnérabilité affecte également leurs enfants, comme l’indique entre autres aspects un taux de maltraitance plus élevé au sein de ces familles comparativement à celui des populations de mères adultes à faible risque. Afin de contrer ce phénomène de maltraitance, diverses interventions ont été développées au cours des cinq dernières décennies, certaines privilégiant le soutien direct apporté aux jeunes mères et d’autres ciblant à la fois le soutien maternel et les interactions entre la mère et son enfant. Les résultats de ces interventions pour prévenir l’apparition de maltraitance sont variables, certaines études rapportant une grande efficacité alors que d’autres concluent à des résultats faibles, voire nuls. Considérant cette variation, le premier objectif de cette méta-analyse est de vérifier l’efficacité générale des interventions offertes aux jeunes mères pour prévenir la maltraitance envers leurs enfants. L’objectif secondaire est de distinguer si une cible d’intervention engendre un meilleur résultat que l’autre. Une recension systématique a permis d’identifier six études évaluant huit programmes distincts. Les calculs méta-analytiques indiquent une taille d’effet globale (d = -0,29, p = 0,01) démontrant l’efficacité générale des interventions préventives. Plus précisément, les interventions qui ciblent à la fois le soutien maternel et les interactions mère-enfant sont efficaces pour diminuer le taux de maltraitance. Les résultats de cette étude permettront d’orienter les services offerts actuellement en matière de prévention de la maltraitance auprès d’une population de jeunes mères.Scientific literature widely documents the fact that young mothers are at risk of psychosocial maladjustment. In turn, this vulnerability also affects their children, as indicated in particular by a higher maltreatment rate among these families compared to the rate among populations of low-risk adult mothers. In order to counteract this maltreatment phenomenon, several early interventions have been developed during the last five decades, some emphasizing on direct support to young mothers and others focusing both on direct support and on mother-child interactions. The results of such interventions to prevent the onset of child maltreatment vary; some studies report high effectiveness, while others reveal low or null effects. Taking this variation into account, the first objective of the present meta-analysis is to verify the overall effectiveness of early interventions targeting young mothers to prevent maltreatment of their children. The second objective is to determine if one intervention strategy produces better results than the other. A systematic review identified six studies evaluating eight distinct intervention programs. Meta-analytical calculations indicate an overall effect size (d = -0,29, p = 0,01) that demonstrates the general effectiveness of preventative interventions. More specifically, interventions focusing both on maternal support and on mother-child interactions prove effective in lowering child maltreatment rate. The results of the present study stand to promote and improve the services currently being offered in terms of child maltreatment prevention for a population of young mothers

Attentional and executive functions in children and adolescents with developmental coordination disorder and the influence of comorbid disorders: A systematic review of the literature.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting primarily motor skills, but attentional and executive impairments are common in affected individuals. Moreover, the presence of neurodevelopmental comorbidities is frequent in this population, which certainly influences the cognitive profile of the children concerned. Previous studies have reported deficits in visuospatial/nonverbal and planning tasks. This systematic review of the literature aims to determine if impairments can be found in other attentional and executive functions as well. The type of cognitive tasks, the tasks' modality (verbal/nonverbal), and the influence of comorbid disorders on attentional and executive profiles are systematically considered. Forty-one studies were identified through the PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO databases according to pre-established eligibility criteria. The results reveal weaknesses in inhibitory control, working memory, planning, nonverbal fluency, and general executive functioning in children with DCD. The presence of comorbid disorders seemingly contributes to the verbal working memory difficulties findings. This review contributes to a better understanding of the cognitive impairments in DCD and of the needs of children with this disorder, allowing to optimize practitioners' therapeutic interventions

Additional file 2 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews

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Additional file 3 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews

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Additional file 1 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews

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Neuropsychological Profile of Children, Adolescents and Adults Experiencing Maltreatment: A Meta-analysis

<div><p><i>Objective</i>: Few studies have attempted to describe the range of cognitive impairments affecting people who have experienced child maltreatment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the neuropsychological profile of these people and to determine the cognitive impacts of maltreatment from childhood to adulthood. <i>Method</i>: Fifty-two publications from 1970 to 2013 were included. <i>Results</i>: The affected cognitive domains were working memory (<i>g</i> = −.65), attention (<i>g</i> = −.63), intelligence (<i>g</i> = −.56) and speed of processing (<i>g</i> = −.49). The impact of maltreatment was greater in young children (<i>g</i> = −.71) and less pronounced in adults (<i>g</i> = −.26). <i>Conclusions</i>: These results suggest that exposure to maltreatment has an impact on specific cognitive processes, regardless of age.</p></div

Additional file 4 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews

Additional file 4

Being a Parent of Children with Disabilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mixed Method Study of Health, Social Life, and Occupational Situation

Parents of children with disabilities face challenges in their daily lives, but little is known about their experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of the study was to explore the experiences of parents of children with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada. Forty parents of children with disabilities from Quebec, Canada (mean [SD] age: 41.2 [6.7]; 93% women) were selected from the Ma Vie et la pand&eacute;mie (MAVIPAN) study. All 40 parents completed the MAVIPAN online questionnaires including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Warwick&ndash;Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing short 7-item scale (WEMWBS), Social Provisions Scale-10 item (SPS-10), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA-LS). A multi-method analysis was used to summarize questionnaires and thematically explore parents&rsquo; experiences. Parents reported deterioration in their mental (50.0%) and physical (27.5%) health, with moderate levels of depression, stress, and anxiety, yet moderately positive well-being. Additional experiences included reduction in available supports (71.4%) and feelings of social isolation (51.4%). Our results highlighted reduced mental and physical health, limited and modified access to certain services, and reduction of social supports for some parents of children with disabilities. Health professionals, policymakers, and governments should be mindful of these challenges experienced by parents of children with disabilities