The future (?) of effective protection

This paper aims at a comparative reading of some archaeological remains in the island of Sardinia, starting from a reflection on the UNESCO discipline, which introduces a hierarchy of cultural heritage based on the level of worthiness of protection and provides enhanced protection for the goods that are on its list. The main goal of the study is to investigate in parallel the application of this ‘selective appreciation’ on the actual context of the protection of the so-called ‘real cultural heritage’ (article 9 of the Italian Constitution). The study proceeds by comparing some important sites on the island having similar contextualization, but different strategies for protection: the Archaeological Park of Porto Torres, Su Nuraxi in Barumini, registered since 1997 in the World Heritage List of UNESCO, and the archaeological area of Neapolis (Oristano). From comparisons and analysis carried out in selected areas it was possible to focus attention on some critical aspects of the UNESCO rules and on contradictions between the operational guidelines and the objectives that the organization provides for the protection of property. In the wake of new reforms for the reorganization of the Ministry of Heritage, Culture and Tourism, the critical issues discussed in this paper appear even more evident in Sardinia. The idea of a ‘protection of the exceptional’ appears to reduce the opportunities of intervention, by isolating the evidence from its context and making the action of protection inadequate for the territory and for the same items contained therein

The future (?) of effective protection

This paper aims at a comparative reading of some archaeological remains in the island of Sardinia, starting from a reflection on the UNESCO discipline, which introduces a hierarchy of cultural heritage based on the level of worthiness of protection and provides enhanced protection for the goods that are on its list. The main goal of the study is to investigate in parallel the application of this ‘selective appreciation’ on the actual context of the protection of the so-called ‘real cultural heritage’ (article 9 of the Italian Constitution). The study proceeds by comparing some important sites on the island having similar contextualization, but different strategies for protection: the Archaeological Park of Porto Torres, Su Nuraxi in Barumini, registered since 1997 in the World Heritage List of UNESCO, and the archaeological area of Neapolis (Oristano). From comparisons and analysis carried out in selected areas it was possible to focus attention on some critical aspects of the UNESCO rules and on contradictions between the operational guidelines and the objectives that the organization provides for the protection of property. In the wake of new reforms for the reorganization of the Ministry of Heritage, Culture and Tourism, the critical issues discussed in this paper appear even more evident in Sardinia. The idea of a ‘protection of the exceptional’ appears to reduce the opportunities of intervention, by isolating the evidence from its context and making the action of protection inadequate for the territory and for the same items contained therein

From parental-fetal attachment to a parent-infant relationship: a systematic review about prenatal protective and risk factors

Developing an attachment to an unborn child is considered a milestone in the future parents’ developmental trajectory. Furthermore, the quality of the parent-fetus relationship is related to the quality of the postnatal parent-infant relationship. We have aimed to provide an overview of the recent findings highlighting factors that can influence parental prenatal attachment and the postpartum parent-child relationship. PubMed and PsycINFO were systematically explored looking for longitudinal studies, published from 2005 to 2016, reporting clearly the prenatal attachment measures used. We found 28 studies heterogeneous for sampling techniques, sample size and periods of assessment. Studies considered a broad range of individual, relational and contextual variables as potential risk or protective factors, but no one has of yet evaluated the interaction between them. The main focus remains on mothers. From these studies emerged conflicting and difficult to generalize results, and this does not facilitate the understanding of the phenomenon investigated. The current literature needs to be integrated with more longitudinal studies using comparable tools and periods of observation, at either a normal or at risk sample. There is also need for additional studies focused on fathers and couples, and considering the effects of the fetal behavior on the development of prenatal attachment

From the Archaeological Map of Italy to the National Geographical Archaeological Information System. The Sardinian experience

The Office for the Archaeological Map of Italy was established by Royal Decree in 1889. In 1926, as an ideal continuation of the Archaeological Map, the first volume of the Forma Italiae was published. Subsequently, with the advent of information technology, a new era of archaeological mapping began, adjusting the Forma Italiae to the latest technological developments. Inheriting this solid methodological basis, and benefitting from the latest digital innovations, we present the Sardinian node of the national archaeological computer network. This is not the proposal for the creation of yet another archaeological information system, but a project for the creation of a tool aimed at data sharing and identification of archaeological heritage property. The project intends to be a point of reference for data exchange on a national and international scale and at different levels of detai

Tutelare la Sardegna. Limiti e prospettive dell'applicazione della disciplina UNESCO in ambito archeologico

This paper aims to re-read some archaeological reality in Sardinia. It tries to develop a critical discussion on the local solutions adopted for the protection, enhancement, use of sites and the UNESCO discipline, which states a hierarchy about cultural assets - based on the worth - and provides a stronger protection for those included in the World Heritage List. For this reason, it is proposed to investigate if the inclusion in the UNESCO List is really reflected in the Italian protection system. Significant overlaps appear in relation to the skills and strategies to be adopted for the valorization of archaeological heritage. This work arises from a legal analysis, from a correlation between some archaeological sites and from the analogy between \u201cmaterial\u201d cultural heritage and \u201cidentifying" cultural heritage. The results are useful to recognize possible corrections of the protection system and, moreover, towards an updated definition of the object that needs to be protected

Self-Organization on Silicon: System Integration of a Fixed-Point Swarm Coprocessor

Self-organization is the property of some natural systems to organize themselves without a central coordination unit to perform specific tasks. In this paper, the FPGA prototype of a digital architecture based on a bio-inspired coprocessor for fixed-point array processing is presented. The coprocessor is designed around a tiled architectures resorting to the principles of Swarm Intelligence to perform the assigned tasks with simultaneous adaptive multitasking capabilities exploiting cooperative behaviors and self-organization, without any hardware configuration. Profiling results on some sample application shows performance improvements up to 36 times with respect to the execution on the processor onl

Anxiety Disorders and Differentiation of Self.

Introduction.– Kerr and Bowen (1988) argued that individuals with a less differentiated self were more likely to experience anxiety, function less effectively in stressful situations, and suffer from physiological and relational psychological symptoms in social situations. In the recent years, these suggestions have been the focus of a great empirical research. These studies revealed that well differentiated individuals enjoy good physical and psychological health (e.g. Skowron, Stanley & Shapiro, 2009; Lampis, Cataudella, Busonera & Skowron, 2017) and are less anxious (e.g. Skowron & Dendy, 2004; Peleg & Yitzhak, 2011). Objectives.– Starting from these premises, the main objective of our investigation was to compare a normative sample (n = 69, control group) and two samples of adults seeking therapeutic services for couple relationship problems (n = 41) and for anxiety and panic (n = 47), to analyze differences on the levels of differentiation of self. Method.– The various components of differentiation of self (emotional reactivity, emotional cut-off, emotional fusion and Iposition) and the levels of anxiety were investigated using the Differentiation of Self Inventory Revised (DSI-R) and the Symptom Check List Revised (SCL-90-R). Results.– We found that participants of the clinical sample of adults seeking therapeutic services for anxiety and panic had significantly higher scores in the Emotional cut-off scale and significantly lower scores in the I-position scale. Conclusion.– The research revealed the importance of differentiation of self-processes to achieving an understanding of anxiety and panic disorders in research and clinical practice. Disclosure of interest.– The authors have not supplied a conflict of interest statement