Whole or Rolled Corn Grain Fed at Various Levels to Cattle on Pasture

Results of several experiments with drylot finishing of cattle have shown little, if any, advantage for processing corn grain on basis of weight gain and feed efficiency when rations contain 80% or more grain dry matter. At lower levels there has generally been some advantage from processing the grain. Various levels of grain are frequently fed to growing and finishing cattle on pasture. Levels may vary from a few pounds daily to free access to grain. Questions are then raised as to the benefits of processing the grain and how the benefits might be affected by the levels fed. Two experiments are reported here when cattle were fed various levels of corn grain on pasture. Comparisons were made between corn fed whole and rolled

Oat Hay or Oat Haylage in High Roughage Rations

Forage yields were low in the previous experiment because of a low seeding rate and drought conditions. However, grain content in relationship to forage was good and the amount of grain in the forage dry matter was estimated to be about 40%. Oat forage may vary considerably between years in yield and in chemical composition. Therefore, it was considered advisable to repeat the experiment under similar conditions to obtain more information on the comparative value of an oat crop harvested as hay or haylage

Weed Crops for Silage

At times seedings of small grains, grasses and legums become heavily infested with weeds because of inadequate cultural practices or weather conditions favoring growth of various weeds more than the seeded crop. Under such conditions, the weed crop may offer some potential feed for cattle and sheep if cut at the proper stage from the standpoint of weed control and the most potential as a possible feed source. Numerous questions have been asked in past years as to the feeding value of crops where weeds make up a major portion of the total forage. Questions are also raised as to harvesting and storage methods and how such potential feedstuffs might be used to the greatest advantage in rations for cattle and sheep

Oat Hay or Oat Haylage for Growing Cattle

Oats are a major grain and forage crop in South Dakota and acres planted to oats exceed those planted to feed grains (barley, rye, sorghum) other than corn

On the structure of a distinguished-limit quasi-isothermal deflagration for the generalized reaction-rate model

The structure of the quasi-isothermal deflagration is examined by means of an asymptotic analysis of the physical-plane boundary-value problem, with Lewis–Semenov number unity, in the limit of the activation-temperature ratio, β=Ta/Tb, greater than order unity, for the generalized reaction-rate-model case of: (1) the heat-addition-temperature ratio, α=(Tb−Tu)/Tu, of order β−1/2, less than order unity [where Ta, Tb, and Tu are the activation, adiabatic-flame (and/or burned-gas), and unburned-gas temperatures, respectively]; and (2) the exponent, a, which characterizes the pre-exponential thermal dependence of the reaction-rate term, unity. The examination indicates that, as in the order-unity heat-addition case, this deflagration has a four-region structure: the upstream diffusion-convection and downstream diffusion-reaction regions, and the far-upstream (or cold-boundary) and the far-downstream (or hot-boundary) regions

Asymptotic analysis of the structure of a steady planar detonation: Review and extension

The structure of a steady planar Chapman–Jouguet detonation, which is supported by a direct first-order one-step irreversible exothermic unimolecular reaction, subject to Arrhenius kinetics, is examined. Solutions are studied, by means of a limit-process-expansion analysis, valid for Λ, proportional to the ratio of the reaction rate to the flow rate, going to zero, and for β, proportional to the ratio of the activation temperature to the maximum flow temperature, going to infinity, with the product Λβ1/2 going to zero. The results, essentially in agreement with the Zeldovich–von Neumann–Doring model, show that the detonation consists of (1) a three-region upstream shock-like zone, wherein convection and diffusion dominate; (2) an exponentially thicker five-region downstream deflagration-like zone, wherein convection and reaction dominate; and (3) a transition zone, intermediate to the upstream and downstream zones, wherein convection, diffusion, and reaction are of the same order of magnitude. It is in this transition zone that the ideal Neumann state is most closely approached

Constructing Authentic and Meaningful STEAM Experiences Through University, School, and Community Partnerships

The aim of this article is to provide a model, an example, and suggestions for establishing and fostering meaningful partnerships to construct authentic and relevant STEAM learning experiences for preservice teachers. In order to prepare elementary preservice teachers to implement the Next Generation Science Standards alongside the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics in ways that are situated in relevant contexts and involve students in authentic inquiry-based problem solving, it is essential that PSTs actually experience modeled points of integration in their teacher preparation programs. It is our hope that this article inspires other teacher educators to develop partnerships with their university, local K–5 schools, and their community in order to best engage preservice teachers in meaningful STEAM-related learning and teaching

Effects of Avoparcin on Performance of Feedlot Heifers

Avoparcin is a glycopeptide antibiotic produced by a strain of streptomyces candidus with activity against certain gram positive organisms. It has been reported to reduce the ratio of acetate to propionate produced during rumen fermentation and to improve weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 30, 45 and 60 grams per ton of avoparcin and 30 grams per ton of monensin in the feed on weight gain, feed utilization and carcass quality of finishing heifers over a 140-day feeding period

Vitamin A Bioptency as Measured by Stores of Vitamin A in Livers of Feedlot Cattle

The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the biological potency of two sources of vitamin A premix differing in freshness when administered to fattening beef cattle. Chemical assays were compared with blood and liver vitamin A content to measure the biopotency of the vitamin

Effect of vitamin A Injections on Blood and Liver Levels in Cattle Fed Low-Carotene Diets

The objectives of these experiments were twofold, first, to study the effects of length of feeding period and dosage level of injected vitamin A on vitamin A status of steers fed a low carotene finishing rations without supplemental vitamin A, and, second, to study the effect of dosage level of injected vitamin A on liver storage of the vitamin following a period of feeding considered to have resulted in major depletion of prior body stores of the vitamin