10,463 research outputs found
On the Sharpness and Bias of Quantum Effects
The question of quantifying the sharpness (or unsharpness) of a quantum
mechanical effect is investigated. Apart from sharpness, another property,
bias, is found to be relevant for the joint measurability or coexistence of two
effects. Measures of bias will be defined and examples given.Comment: Substantially expanded version, with new results and some proofs
correcte
Causality, Joint measurement and Tsirelson's bound
Tsirelson showed that is the maximum value that CHSH expression
can take for quantum-correlations [B. S.Tsirelson, Lett. Math. Phys, 4 (1980)
93]. This bound simply follows from the algebra of observables. Recently by
exploiting the physical structure of quantum mechanics like unitarity and
linearity, Buhrman and Massar [H. Buhrman and S.Massar, Phys. Rev. A, 72 (2005)
052103] have established that violation of Tsirelson's bound in quantum
mechanics will imply signalling. We prove the same with the help of realistic
joint measurement in quantum mechanics and a Bell's inequality which has been
derived under the assumption of existence of joint measurement and no
signalling condition.Comment: 8 page
Change of Compressiblity at the Glass Transition and Prigogine-Defay Ratio in ZrTiCuNiBe Alloys
The change of the compressibility at the glass transition Tg is evaluated from pressure experiments in the liquid and the glassy state of the ZrTiCuNiBe bulk metallic glass forming system. Via the enthalpy recovery method, we derive an increase of Tg with pressure of 3.6 K/GPa. Comparing the changes of the compressibility, the specific heat capacity, and the thermal expansion coefficient at Tg, we estimate for the first time a Prigogine-Defay ratio in metallic systems. This ratio is about 2.4 for the present alloy and compares well with known nonmetallic glass forming systems
Emergence of District-Heating Networks; Barriers and Enablers in the Development Process
Infrastructure provision business models that promise resource efficiencies and additional benefits, such as job
creation, community cohesion and crime reduction exist at sub-national scales. These local business models,
however, exist only as isolated cases of good practice and their expansion and wider adoption has been limited in
the context of many centralised systems that are currently the norm. In this contribution, we present a conceptual
agent based model for analysing the potential for different actors to implement local infrastructure provision business
models. The model is based on agents’ ability to overcome barriers that occur throughout the development (i.e.
feasibility, business case, procurement, and construction), and operation and maintenance of alternative business
models. This presents a novel approach insofar as previous models have concentrated on the acceptance of
alternative value provision models rather than the emergence of underlying business models. We implement the
model for the case study of district heating networks in the UK, which have the potential to significantly contribute to
carbon emission reductions, but remain under-developed compared with other European countries
A Stepwise Planned Approach to the Solution of Hilbert's Sixth Problem. III : Measurements and von Neumann Projection/Collapse Rule
Supmech, the universal mechanics developed in the previous two papers,
accommodates both quantum and classical mechanics as subdisciplines (a brief
outline is included for completeness); this feature facilitates, in a supmech
based treatment of quantum measurements, an unambiguous treatment of the
apparatus as a quantum system approximated well by a classical one. Taking
explicitly into consideration the fact that observations on the apparatus are
made when it has `settled down after the measurement interaction' and are
restricted to macroscopically distinguishable pointer readings, the unwanted
superpositions of (system + apparatus) states are shown to be suppressed; this
provides a genuinely physics based justification for the (traditionally
\emph{postulated}) von Neumann projection/collapse rule. The decoherence
mechanism brought into play by the stated observational constraints is free
from the objections against the traditional decoherence program.Comment: 29 pages; one section and two references added; results unchange
Strongly Incompatible Quantum Devices
The fact that there are quantum observables without a simultaneous
measurement is one of the fundamental characteristics of quantum mechanics. In
this work we expand the concept of joint measurability to all kinds of possible
measurement devices, and we call this relation compatibility. Two devices are
incompatible if they cannot be implemented as parts of a single measurement
setup. We introduce also a more stringent notion of incompatibility, strong
incompatibility. Both incompatibility and strong incompatibility are rigorously
characterized and their difference is demonstrated by examples.Comment: 27 pages (AMSart), 6 figure
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