Recycling Of Pineapple Waste Using Lactobacillus Delbroeckii To Lactic Acid

Abdullah, in paper recycling of pineapple waste using lactobacillus delbroeckii to lactic acid, explain that The pineapple wastes juice contains mainly sucrose, glucose, fructose and other nutrients. It therefore can potentially be used as carbon source for organic acid fermentation. Recently, lactic acid has been considered to be an important raw material for production of biodegradable lactate polymer. The experiments were carried out in shake flask fermentation using Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Effect of some parameters such as temperature, initial pH, initial substrate concentration, yeast extract concentration and fermentation time to the yield have been studied. The highest yield was 85.65 % achieved at 40 o C, pH 6.00, 52.5 g/l sugar concentration with 5 g/l yeast extract. There was no significant increasing in lactic acid production was observed if supplementation of yeast extract above 10 %.

The Effect of Functionalization Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the Performance of PES-CNTs Mixed Matrix Membrane

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyethersulfone (PES) is prepared for biogas purification. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically flat sheet membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using Dynasylan Ameo (DA) silane agent to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties, the productivity and purity of biogas. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 36.7

Increasing the Performance of PES-CNTs Mixed Matrix Membrane using Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Functionalization

A new type of mixed matrix membrane consisting of functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyethersulfone (PES) is prepared for biogas purification. PES mixed matrix membrane with and without modification of carbon nanotubes were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique using a pneumatically flat sheet membrane casting machine system. The modified carbon nanotubes were prepared by treating the carbon nanotubes with chemical modification using Dynasylan Ameo (DA) silane agent to allow PES chains to be grafted on carbon nanotubes surface. The results from the FESEM, DSC and FTIR analysis confirmed that chemical modification on carbon nanotubes surface had taken place. Meanwhile, the nanogaps in the interface of polymer and carbon nanotubes were appeared in the PES mixed matrix membrane with unmodified of carbon nanotubes. The modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane increases the mechanical properties, the productivity and purity of biogas. For PES-modified carbon nanotubes mixed matrix membrane the maximum selectivity achieved for CO2/CH4 is 36.7