Caries Management: A Journey between Black’s principals and Minimally Invasive Concepts

published_or_final_versio

Men and women from the STRIDE clinical trial: An assessment of stimulant abstinence symptom severity at residential treatment entry

Background and Objectives Gender‐specific factors associated with stimulant abstinence severity were examined in a stimulant abusing or dependent residential treatment sample (N = 302). Method Bivariate statistics tested gender differences in stimulant abstinence symptoms, measured by participant‐reported experiences of early withdrawal. Multivariate linear regression examined gender and other predictors of stimulant abstinence symptom severity. Results Women compared to men reported greater stimulant abstinence symptom severity. Anxiety disorders and individual anxiety‐related abstinence symptoms accounted for this difference. African American race/ethnicity was predictive of lower stimulant abstinence severity. Discussion and Conclusions Women were more sensitive to anxiety‐related stimulant withdrawal symptoms. Scientific Significance Clinics that address anxiety‐related abstinence symptoms, which more commonly occur in women, may improve treatment outcome. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:XX –XX

Fungal and bacterial proteases: Characteristics, and opportunities for the processing of plant proteins

The enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins has been successful in improving their functional and bioactive properties. Extensive work has been conducted in applying plant, fungal, and bacterial proteases to animal protein sources (Ryder et al., 2015; Ha et al., 2012). Less work has been conducted examining the effects of fungal and bacterial proteases on plant proteins. This study characterised a range of bacterial and fungal proteases and evaluated the effects of selected bacterial and fungal proteases on a plant protein substrate assay. Commercially available proprietary fungal (FPII, F31K, and F60K), bacterial (HT, 4000 P, BS Conc), and plant (papain) proteases were screened for activity using the BODIPY-FL-Casein substrate. The soluble protein concentration of the protease powders was also assessed using the Bradford method. Based on the results of the screening, one fungal protease (F31K) and one bacterial protease (HT) were selected for further experiments. The selected proteases were then used to hydrolyse brown rice protein powder. The hydrolysis was conducted for up to 120 min at optimal conditions for each respective protease (pH 8.5 at 45 ⁰C, and pH 6 at 65 °C for F31K and HT, respectively). The resulting hydrolsates were evaluated for their soluble protein content using the Bradford method. The breakdown of protein was also visualised using SDS-PAGE. The mean enzyme activities ranged from 3.55×104 to 39.5×104 Δfluo.min-1.mg soluble protein-1 (for FPII and 4000 P, respectively). Both HT and F31K significantly increased (p < 0.05) the soluble protein concentration of the brown rice protein powder (from 0.586 to 2.21 and 3.12 mg/mL for HT and F31K, respectively). SDS-PAGE showed substantially different hydrolysis patterns for each protease over time. This study provides insights into how proteases from non-gut origin may overcome some of the challenges currently faced in the production of alternative proteins

Sheep Updates 2007 - part 1

This session covers six papers from different authors: PLENARY 1. Life beyond the farmgate - the meat perspective, Richard Gunner – Principal:- Richard Gunner’s Fine Meats 2. Do you need to worry about climate change?, Anthony Clark, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University and Bureau of Rural Sciences. 3. Ruminant nutrition panel session - The impact of nutrition on animal health and welfare, Kevin Bell, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Studies, Murdoch University 4. Ruminant nutrition panel session - Pasture/animal interactions, Hugh Dove, Chief Research Scientist, CSIRO Plant Industry 5. Precision Cattle Breeding for the 21st Century, H.M. Burrow, Cooperative Research Centre for Beef Genetic Technologies 6. Profitable PerenialsTM for Australian Livestock Industries, Kevin Goss, CEO Designate, Future Farm Industries CRC, University of Western Australi

Neutrino - nucleon reaction rates in the supernova core in the relativistic random phase approximation

In view of the application to supernova simulations, we calculate neutrino reaction rates with nucleons via the neutral and charged currents in the supernova core in the relativistic random phase approximation (RPA) and study their effects on the opacity of the supernova core. The formulation is based on the Lagrangian employed in the calculation of nuclear equation of state (EOS) in the relativistic mean field theory (RMF). The nonlinear meson terms are treated appropriately so that the consistency of the density correlation derived in RPA with the thermodynamic derivative obtained from EOS by RMF is satisfied in the static and long wave length limit. We employ pion and rho meson exchange interactions together with the phenomenological Landau-Migdal parameters for the isospin-dependent nuclear interactions. We find that both the charged and neutral current reaction rates are suppressed from the standard Bruenn's approximate formula considerably in the high density regime. In the low density regime, on the other hand, the vector current contribution to the neutrino-nucleon scattering rate is enhanced in the vicinity of the boundary of the liquid-gas phase transition, while the other contributions are moderately suppressed there also. In the high temperature regime or in the regime where electrons have a large chemical potential, the latter of which is important only for the electron capture process and its inverse process, the recoil of nucleons cannot be neglected and further reduces the reaction rates with respect to the standard approximate formula which discards any energy transfer in the processes. These issues could have a great impact on the neutrino heating mechanism of collapse-driven supernovae.Comment: 16pages, 19figures, submitted to PR

Effectiveness of en masse versus two-step retraction:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background This review aims to compare the effectiveness of en masse and two-step retraction methods during orthodontic space closure regarding anchorage preservation and anterior segment retraction and to assess their effect on the duration of treatment and root resorption. Methods An electronic search for potentially eligible randomized controlled trials and prospective controlled trials was performed in five electronic databases up to July 2017. The process of study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment was performed by two reviewers independently. A narrative review is presented in addition to a quantitative synthesis of the pooled results where possible. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used for the methodological quality assessment of the included studies. Results Eight studies were included in the qualitative synthesis in this review. Four studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. En masse/miniscrew combination showed a statistically significant standard mean difference regarding anchorage preservation − 2.55 mm (95% CI − 2.99 to − 2.11) and the amount of upper incisor retraction − 0.38 mm (95% CI − 0.70 to − 0.06) when compared to a two-step/conventional anchorage combination. Qualitative synthesis suggested that en masse retraction requires less time than two-step retraction with no difference in the amount of root resorption. Conclusions Both en masse and two-step retraction methods are effective during the space closure phase. The en masse/miniscrew combination is superior to the two-step/conventional anchorage combination with regard to anchorage preservation and amount of retraction. Limited evidence suggests that anchorage reinforcement with a headgear produces similar results with both retraction methods. Limited evidence also suggests that en masse retraction may require less time and that no significant differences exist in the amount of root resorption between the two methods

Defects of B-cell terminal differentiation in patients with type-1 Kabuki syndrome

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a complex multi-system developmental disorder associated with mutation of genes encoding histone-modifying proteins. In addition to craniofacial, intellectual, and cardiac defects, KS is also characterized by humoral immune deficiency and autoimmune disease, yet no detailed molecular characterization of the KS-associated immune phenotype has previously been reported