Comparison of Two Models for Breakdown Waves

In this paper, the two theories concerning the propagation of breakdown waves are compared. The two theories are as follows: 1. The photoionization theory, in which the driving force of the propagation is the electromagnetic radiation from the hot gas generated at the electrode with the greatest potential gradient. 2. The electron fluid dynamical theory, in which the driving force of the propagation is the partial pressure of the high temperature electron gas generated in the neighborhood of the pulsed electrode. Successes in explaining the experimental data will be compared

Designing and Documenting Community Engagement for Tenure and Promotion

Research over the past two decades has built a compelling case that perceived institutional barriers, including lack of recognition of service-learning pedagogy in tenure and promotion decisions, are one of the greatest deterrents to faculty use of service-learning (Abes, Jackson, & Jones, 2002; Hammond, 1994; Morton & Troppe, 1996; Ward, 1998). Furthermore, faculty members perceive these institutional barriers at every stage of implementation of service-learning pedagogy (Hou & Wilder, 2015). Knowing how to design a service-learning experience, then, with an awareness of the tenure and promotion process can help faculty not only create robust community-engaged courses and research projects, but also demonstrate the value of their work for an audience of academic peers. The goal of this workshop will be to provide faculty and administrators with a toolkit for understanding their institutional culture surrounding community engagement, maximizing community-engaged teaching and scholarship on the tenure and promotion application, and overcoming perceived institutional challenges. Additionally, the workshop will provide a forum for faculty and administrators to share about the challenges they have faced and successful strategies they have employed in seeking recognition for community-engaged teaching and research at their own institutions. Workshop presenters will explore best practices for including community engagement in promotion and tenure documents, facilitate interactive brainstorming activities related to institutional culture and balancing the tenure and promotion application, and lead a collaborative exercise in beginning a service-learning project with the end in mind: successfully earning tenure and promotion

Neutron-Capture Elements in the Early Galaxy: Insights from a Large Sample of Metal-Poor Giants

New abundances for neutron-capture (n-capture) elements in a large sample of metal-poor giants from the Bond survey are presented. The spectra were acquired with the KPNO 4-m echelle and coude feed spectrographs, and have been analyzed using LTE fine-analysis techniques with both line analysis and spectral synthesis. Abundances of eight n-capture elements (Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Nd, Eu, Dy) in 43 stars have been derived from blue (lambda = 4070--4710, R~20,000, S/N ratio~100-200) echelle spectra and red (lambda = 6100--6180, R~22,000, S/N ratio~100-200) coude spectra, and the abundance of Ba only has been derived from the red spectra for an additional 27 stars. Overall, the abundances show clear evidence for a large star-to-star dispersion in the heavy element-to-iron ratios. The new data also confirm that at metallicities [Fe/H] <~ --2.4, the abundance pattern of the heavy (Z >= 56) n-capture elements in most giants is well-matched to a scaled Solar System r-process nucleosynthesis pattern. The onset of the main r-process can be seen at [Fe/H] ~ --2.9. Contributions from the s-process can first be seen in some stars with metallicities as low as [Fe/H] ~ --2.75, and are present in most stars with metallicities [Fe/H] > --2.3. The lighter n-capture elements (Sr-Y-Zr) are enhanced relative to the heavier r-process element abundances. Their production cannot be attributed solely to any combination of the Solar System r- and main s-processes, but requires a mixture of material from the r-process and from an additional n-capture process which can operate at early Galactic time.Comment: Text + 5 Tables and 11 Figures: Submitted to the Astrophysical Journa

“I know my body better than anyone else” Perspectives of people who inject drugs on antimicrobial treatment decision making for serious infections

Introduction: • Few studies have examined the perspectives of patients with lived experience regarding outpatient treatment options for injection drug use (IDU) associated infections. • We sought to better understand the perspectives of both community partners with lived experience who work with people who inject drugs (PWID) and hospitalized patients with IDU-associated infections on shared treatment decision making.https://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/lambrew-retreat-2023/1009/thumbnail.jp

Heavenly metal: A study of neutron-capture element abundances in metal-poor galactic halo stars.

New abundances for neutron-capture elements in a large sample of metal-poor giants from the Bond survey in addition to 3 well known individual cases, are presented. The spectra for the Bond Giants were acquired with the KPNO 4-m echelle and coude feed spectrographs, the individual stars' spectra came from CTIO and the HST, and have been analyzed using LTE fine analysis techniques with both line analysis and spectral synthesis. Abundances of eight neutron capture elements (Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Nd, Eu, Dy) in 46 stars have been derived. Overall, the abundances show clear evidence for a large star-to-star dispersion in the heavy element to iron ratios. This condition must have arisen from individual nucleosynthetic events in rapidly evolving halo progenitors that injected newly manufactured neutron-capture elements into an inhomogeneous early Galactic halo interstellar medium. The new data also confirm that at metallicities $\rm \lbrack Fe/H\rbrack\le -2.0$, the abundance pattern of the heavy ($\rm Z\ge56$) neutron-capture elements is well matched to a dominant r-process nucleosynthesis pattern. At higher metallicities (somewhere between (Fe/H) = $-2$ and $-1.5$), the increasing contribution of the s-process can be seen in the abundance trends. The appearance of an s-process contribution as metallicity increases presumably reflects the longer stellar evolutionary timescale of the (low-mass) s-process nucloesynthesis sites. Finally, the lighter neutron capture elements (Sr-Y-Zr) do not satisfactorily follow the same abundance trends as the heavier neutron-capture elements at low metallicities. Therefore, their production cannot be attributed solely to either the r- or s-process, but may require a mixture of the r- and the weak s-process, or perhaps a second r-process site, i.e. different than the site that produces the heavier ($\rm Z\ge56$) neutron-capture elements. The HST spectra confirms the operation of the r-process in the third r-process mass peak. The nuclear chronometer Th has been detected in CS22892-052, allowing age determinations to be made

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people who inject drugs accessing harm reduction services in an rural American state

BACKGROUND: The impact of public health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic on people who inject drugs (PWID) has varied across regions. In other countries, recent research has shown that PWID access to harm reduction services, despite rapid adaptations, has been negatively impacted. Our study describes these impacts in a rural state. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with PWID, community partners, and healthcare providers in the rural state of Maine (USA). We explored how changes made during the pandemic impacted access to harm reduction services, including basic services (i.e., shelter), syringe service programs, safe drug supply, low barrier treatment, and peer support. Interviews were analyzed using the framework method to apply Penchansky\u27s model of access, with Saurman\u27s modification, which includes six dimensions of access-accessibility, availability, acceptability, affordability, accommodation, awareness. RESULTS: We interviewed thirty-six stakeholders (N = 9 community partners, N = 9 healthcare providers, N = 18 PWID). Policies such as mobile outreach expansion, mail delivery of equipment, and relaxed telemedicine regulations facilitated accessibility to syringe service programs and low barrier buprenorphine treatment. Public health policies, such as social distancing and screening policies, reduced contact, which subsequently reduced acceptability and awareness of many services. Elimination of the one-for-one needle exchange in some areas increased, acceptability (i.e., perception of service), and affordability for PWID. However, some areas actually began enforcing a one-for-one needle exchange policy, which reduced affordability, acceptability, and awareness of services. CONCLUSIONS: Changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted all dimensions of access to harm reduction services among PWID. While some barriers to harm reduction services were unavoidable during the pandemic, we found that specific policy decisions mitigated service barriers, while other policies exacerbated them. Relaxing needle exchange policies were particularly helpful in facilitating access to harm reduction services by giving community organizations flexibility to adapt to the evolving needs of PWID. These results can inform policies and service delivery to optimally mitigate the negative impacts on PWID during, and beyond, the pandemic

Corrigendum: Dose-Dependent and Lasting Influences of Intranasal Vasopressin on Face Processing in Men.

[This corrects the article on p. 220 in vol. 8, PMID: 29018407.]

Corrigendum: Dose-Dependent and Lasting Influences of Intranasal Vasopressin on Face Processing in Men

[This corrects the article on p. 220 in vol. 8, PMID: 29018407.]