1,796 research outputs found
Changes in cellular glycoproteins after transformation: identification of specific glycoproteins and antigens in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels.
Actin-membrane interaction in fibroblasts: what proteins are involved in this association?
In this review we discuss some of the proteins for which a role in
linking actin to the fibroblast plasma membrane has been suggested. We
focus on the family of proteins related to erythrocyte spectrin, proteins
that have generally been viewed as having an organization and a function in
actin-membrane attachment similar to those of erythrocyte spectrin.
Experiments in which we precipitated the nonerythrocyte spectrin within
living fibroblasts have led us to question this supposed similarity of
organization and function of the nonerythrocyte and erythrocyte spectrins.
Intracellular precipitation of fibroblast spectrin does not affect the
integrity of the major actin-containing structures, the stress fiber
microfilament bundles. Unexpectedly, however, we found that the
precipitation of spectrin results in a condensation and altered
distribution of the vimentin class of intermediate filaments in most cells
examined. Although fibroblast spectrin may have a role in the attachment of
some of the cortical, submembranous actin, it is surprising how little the
intracellular immunoprecipitation of the spectrin affects the cells.
Several proteins have been found concentrated at the ends of stress fibers,
where the actin filaments terminate at focal contacts. Two of these
proteins, alpha-actinin and fimbrin, have properties that suggest that they
are not involved in the attachment of the ends of the bundles to the
membrane but are more probably involved in the organization and
cross-linking of the filaments within the bundles. On the other hand,
vinculin and talin are two proteins that interact with each other and may
form part of a chain of attachments between the ends of the microfilament
bundles and the focal contact membrane. Their role in this attachment,
however, has not been established and further work is needed to examine
their interaction with actin and to identify any other components with
which they may interact, particularly in the plasma membrane
A spring-block model for Barkhausen noise
A simple mechanical spring-block model is introduced for studying
magnetization phenomena and in particularly the Barkhausen noise. The model
captures and reproduces the accepted microscopic picture of domain wall
movement and pinning. Computer simulations suggest that this model is able to
reproduce the main characteristics of hysteresis loops and Barkhausen jumps. In
the thermodynamic limit the statistics of the obtained Barkhausen jumps follows
several scaling laws, in qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
The simplicity of the model and the invoked mechanical analogies makes it
attractive for computer simulations and pedagogical purposes.Comment: Revtex, 8 pages, 6 figure
Stick-slip statistics for two fractal surfaces: A model for earthquakes
Following the observations of the self-similarity in various length scales in
the roughness of the fractured solid surfaces, we propose here a new model for
the earthquake. We demonstrate rigorously that the contact area distribution
between two fractal surfaces follows an unique power law. This is then utilised
to show that the elastic energy releases for slips between two rough fractal
surfaces indeed follow a Guttenberg-Richter like power law.Comment: 9 pages (Latex), 4 figures (postscript
Functional Electrical Stimulation mediated by Iterative Learning Control and 3D robotics reduces motor impairment in chronic stroke
Background: Novel stroke rehabilitation techniques that employ electrical stimulation (ES) and robotic technologies are effective in reducing upper limb impairments. ES is most effective when it is applied to support the patients’ voluntary effort; however, current systems fail to fully exploit this connection. This study builds on previous work using advanced ES controllers, and aims to investigate the feasibility of Stimulation Assistance through Iterative Learning (SAIL), a novel upper limb stroke rehabilitation system which utilises robotic support, ES, and voluntary effort. Methods: Five hemiparetic, chronic stroke participants with impaired upper limb function attended 18, 1 hour intervention sessions. Participants completed virtual reality tracking tasks whereby they moved their impaired arm to follow a slowly moving sphere along a specified trajectory. To do this, the participants’ arm was supported by a robot. ES, mediated by advanced iterative learning control (ILC) algorithms, was applied to the triceps and anterior deltoid muscles. Each movement was repeated 6 times and ILC adjusted the amount of stimulation applied on each trial to improve accuracy and maximise voluntary effort. Participants completed clinical assessments (Fugl-Meyer, Action Research Arm Test) at baseline and post-intervention, as well as unassisted tracking tasks at the beginning and end of each intervention session. Data were analysed using t-tests and linear regression. Results: From baseline to post-intervention, Fugl-Meyer scores improved, assisted and unassisted tracking performance improved, and the amount of ES required to assist tracking reduced. Conclusions: The concept of minimising support from ES using ILC algorithms was demonstrated. The positive results are promising with respect to reducing upper limb impairments following stroke, however, a larger study is required to confirm this
Refreshing critical pedagogy and citizenship education through the lens of justice and complexity pedagogy
© The Author(s) 2018. Maximal citizenship educators are committed to advancing an approach to citizenship learning with the following staple features: learner-centred; experiential; problem- and action-oriented; racialised, classed and gendered analysis of power; and strengthening the public sphere and democracy. This type of approach to education shares many similarities with the principles of critical pedagogy. However, there have been valid arguments that Frankfurt School Critical Theory inspired pedagogy still tends to focus on class, at the expense of gender and race, analyses. This article seeks ways to refresh and extend the language and theoretical frameworks used by critical pedagogues. To do so, it will deploy the terms justice pedagogy and complexity pedagogy. The adjective ‘justice’ does the same work as ‘critical’ in signalling the commitment to using education as a means to bring about a more socially just world. The recent rise in scholarship in complexity thinking lends itself to conceptualising critical pedagogy in necessarily fresh ways. This article draws attention to the kindred nature of guiding concepts in complexity thinking and critical pedagogy, including grassroots organising, distributed decision-making and emergent learning, before presenting a description of how such approaches might refresh critical pedagogy through a critical citizenship education programme using justice pedagogy. This example illustrates the way that justice pedagogy can inform decisions about appropriate teaching and learning strategies for children and young people today growing up in an increasingly globalised world
Simulation study of spatio-temporal correlations of earthquakes as a stick-slip frictional instability
Spatio-temporal correlations of earthquakes are studied numerically on the
basis of the one-dimensional spring-block (Burridge-Knopoff) model. As large
events approach, the frequency of smaller events gradually increases, while,
just before the mainshock, it is dramatically suppressed in a close vicinity of
the epicenter of the upcoming mainshock, a phenomenon closely resembling the
``Mogi doughnut'
Fractal Dimensionof the El Salvador Earthquake (2001) time Series
We have estimated multifractal spectrum of the El Salvador earthquake signal
recorded at different locations.Comment: multifractal analysi
Self-organized critical earthquake model with moving boundary
A globally driven self-organized critical model of earthquakes with
conservative dynamics has been studied. An open but moving boundary condition
has been used so that the origin (epicenter) of every avalanche (earthquake) is
at the center of the boundary. As a result, all avalanches grow in equivalent
conditions and the avalanche size distribution obeys finite size scaling
excellent. Though the recurrence time distribution of the time series of
avalanche sizes obeys well both the scaling forms recently observed in analysis
of the real data of earthquakes, it is found that the scaling function decays
only exponentially in contrast to a generalized gamma distribution observed in
the real data analysis. The non-conservative version of the model shows
periodicity even with open boundary.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted version in EPJ
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