Собрания россики и украиники как условие межкультурной коммуникации

В статье доказывается, что инонациональная рецепция страны является важным фактором процесса межкультурной коммуникации и это выражается в целенаправленном сборе информации, которая характеризует отражение своего национального облика в культуре народа-собеседника.У статті доказується, що інонаціональна рецепція країни є важливим фактором процесу міжкультурної комунікації і це виражається у цілеспрямованому зборі інформації, що характеризує відображення свого національного вигляду у культурі народу-співбесідника.This article proves that the perception of one country by a foreign culture is an important factor in the process of intercultural communication. This finds its expression in a meaningful collection of information characterized by the projection of one’s “own” national image into the image of the culture of the other party in this intercultural dialogue

Gelijke behandeling: oordelen en commentaar 2004

bookFDR De bescherming van fundamentele rechten in een integrerend Europa ou

Gelijke behandeling: oordelen en commentaar 2006

bookFDR De bescherming van fundamentele rechten in een integrerend Europa ou

Towards More Synergy in the Interpretation of the Prohibition of Sex Discrimination in European Law?<br>A Comparison of Legal Contexts and some Case Law of the EU and the ECHR

The non-discrimination provisions in EU law and in the ECHR have a different background and the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights have differing roles. However, in both European systems the prohibition of discrimination has become of increasing importance: EU law now covers more discrimination grounds, the scope of both EU law and the ECHR non-discrimination provisions has expanded and, in particular in the field of gender equality, there is an impressive body of - in particular EU - case law. National courts are confronted with issues that fall either under the ECHR or the EU provisions or both. Sometimes similar questions are interpreted by both European courts, for example in case of overlapping subject-matters, such as sex discrimination in the field of pensions, social security benefits or parental leave. The paper offers an analysis of the legal contexts and case law of both European systems in some areas that overlap and the main similarities and differences in approaches to sex equality in both systems. The comparison shows that while the ECtHR sometimes allows a gradual abolition of forms of direct sex discrimination, the approach of the Court of Justice is much stricter

Towards More Synergy in the Interpretation of the Prohibition of Sex Discrimination in European Law?<br>A Comparison of Legal Contexts and some Case Law of the EU and the ECHR

The non-discrimination provisions in EU law and in the ECHR have a different background and the Court of Justice of the EU and the European Court of Human Rights have differing roles. However, in both European systems the prohibition of discrimination has become of increasing importance: EU law now covers more discrimination grounds, the scope of both EU law and the ECHR non-discrimination provisions has expanded and, in particular in the field of gender equality, there is an impressive body of - in particular EU - case law. National courts are confronted with issues that fall either under the ECHR or the EU provisions or both. Sometimes similar questions are interpreted by both European courts, for example in case of overlapping subject-matters, such as sex discrimination in the field of pensions, social security benefits or parental leave. The paper offers an analysis of the legal contexts and case law of both European systems in some areas that overlap and the main similarities and differences in approaches to sex equality in both systems. The comparison shows that while the ECtHR sometimes allows a gradual abolition of forms of direct sex discrimination, the approach of the Court of Justice is much stricter

Gender equality in employment and occupation. European Implementation Assessment. ANNEX I, Legal aspects and direct and indirect discrimination

This research paper on the implementation of Directive 2006/54/EC provides an independent legal analysis of the main provisions of this Directive, taking into account relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the EU. The aim of this paper is also to identify gaps in its implementation at the level of the Member States. To this end an in-depth study with a focus on the interpretation and application of the concepts of direct and indirect discrimination has been carried out in six Member States: France, Latvia, Slovakia, Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden. The following aspects of the Directive are addressed in the legal analysis: the background and structure of the Directive; its transposition and implementation; novelties; the purpose and scope; its concepts (in particular direct and indirect discrimination); equal pay; occupational social security; equal treatment; enforcement; and the promotion of equal treatment and social dialogue. This paper identifies legal problems and gaps. It provides specific recommendations on all these aspects and also offers suggestions in the event that the Directive were to be subjected to a recasting process and/or were to be amended